Bojič Burgos Jay, Pustišek Matevž
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Feb 5;24(3):1037. doi: 10.3390/s24031037.
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant challenges in data authentication, necessitating a balance between scalability and security. Traditional approaches often rely on third parties, while blockchain-based solutions face computational and storage bottlenecks. Our novel framework employs edge aggregating servers and Ethereum Layer 2 rollups, offering a scalable and secure IoT data authentication solution that reduces the need for continuous, direct interaction between IoT devices and the blockchain. We utilize and compare the Nova and Risc0 proving systems for authenticating batches of IoT data by verifying signatures, ensuring data integrity and privacy. Notably, the Nova prover significantly outperforms Risc0 in proving and verification times; for instance, with 10 signatures, Nova takes 3.62 s compared to Risc0's 369 s, with this performance gap widening as the number of signatures in a batch increases. Our framework further enhances data verifiability and trust by recording essential information on L2 rollups, creating an immutable and transparent record of authentication. The use of Layer 2 rollups atop a permissionless blockchain like Ethereum effectively reduces on-chain storage costs by approximately 48 to 57 times compared to direct Ethereum use, addressing cost bottlenecks efficiently.
物联网（IoT）的迅速扩张给数据认证带来了重大挑战，这就需要在可扩展性和安全性之间取得平衡。传统方法通常依赖第三方，而基于区块链的解决方案则面临计算和存储瓶颈。我们的新颖框架采用边缘聚合服务器和以太坊第2层汇总，提供了一种可扩展且安全的物联网数据认证解决方案，减少了物联网设备与区块链之间持续直接交互的需求。我们利用并比较了Nova和Risc0证明系统，通过验证签名来认证批量的物联网数据，确保数据的完整性和隐私性。值得注意的是，在证明和验证时间方面，Nova证明器的表现明显优于Risc0；例如，对于10个签名，Nova耗时3.62秒，而Risc0则需要369秒，随着一批签名数量的增加，这种性能差距会进一步扩大。我们的框架通过在第2层汇总上记录关键信息，进一步增强了数据的可验证性和可信度，创建了一个不可变且透明的认证记录。与直接使用以太坊相比，在像以太坊这样的无许可区块链之上使用第2层汇总有效地将链上存储成本降低了约48至57倍，有效解决了成本瓶颈问题。
