Swain Cara, Stathakarou Natalia, Alzuguren Pilar, Lemarteleur Vincent, Moffatt Ryan, Karlgren Klas
Department of Learning, Informatics, Management & Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Academic Department of Military Surgery & Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (RCDM), Birmingham, UK.
Adv Simul (Lond). 2024 Feb 12;9(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s41077-024-00279-2.
Despite advances in simulator technology, live anaesthetised animals continue to be used as human patient simulators for medical professionals to practice techniques in the management of surgical trauma. This article describes the process of convening a working group of individuals with a professional interest in simulation to discuss the use of live animals and consider if and how they can be replaced in the future.
A working group was formed of voluntary attendees to a workshop held at the SESAM 2023 conference. Iterative discussions reflecting on the topic were used to produce statements summarising the working group's opinions. The working group determined that live animals are used as human patient simulators due to the presence of accurate and responsive physiology in the presence of bleeding, realistic tissue tactility and an emotional response experienced by the learner due to interaction with the animal. They were unable to reach a consensus on replacement, determining that there is currently no single model which is able to provide all the learning aspects which a live animal model can provide. Several suggestions were made regarding development of technologies and pedagogical change.
Replacement of live animals in surgical simulation is not straightforward but should be an aspiration, if possible. For the ongoing development of trauma surgical simulation models, it is important to combine the knowledge, skills and perspectives of medical stakeholders and educators, academic researchers and industry experts in producing alternative options to the use of live animal simulators.
尽管模拟器技术取得了进步，但麻醉后的活体动物仍被用作人类患者模拟器，供医学专业人员练习手术创伤管理技术。本文描述了召集一个对模拟有专业兴趣的个人组成的工作组的过程，以讨论活体动物的使用，并考虑它们在未来是否以及如何能够被替代。
一个工作组由参加2023年SESAM会议举办的研讨会的自愿参与者组成。通过对该主题进行反复讨论，得出了总结工作组意见的陈述。工作组确定，由于在出血情况下存在准确且有反应的生理机能、逼真的组织触感以及学习者与动物互动时产生的情感反应，活体动物被用作人类患者模拟器。他们未能就替代方案达成共识，认为目前没有单一模型能够提供活体动物模型所能提供的所有学习方面的内容。针对技术发展和教学变革提出了一些建议。
在手术模拟中替代活体动物并非易事，但如果可能的话，应该成为一个目标。对于创伤外科模拟模型的持续发展而言，重要的是将医学利益相关者和教育工作者、学术研究人员以及行业专家的知识、技能和观点结合起来，以产生替代活体动物模拟器使用的其他方案。
