Dunuweera Asiri N, Dunuweera Shashiprabha P, Ranganathan K
Department of Botany, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka.
Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
Biochem Res Int. 2024 Feb 5;2024:8273237. doi: 10.1155/2024/8273237. eCollection 2024.
Bioluminescence has been a fascinating natural phenomenon of light emission from living creatures. It happens when the enzyme luciferase facilitates the oxidation of luciferin, resulting in the creation of an excited-state species that emits light. Although there are many bioluminescent systems, few have been identified. D-luciferin-dependent systems, coelenterazine-dependent systems, luciferin-based systems, tetrapyrrole-based luciferins, bacterial bioluminescent systems, and fungal bioluminescent systems are natural bioluminescent systems. Since different bioluminescence systems, such as various combinations of luciferin-luciferase pair reactions, have different light emission wavelengths, they benefit industrial applications such as drug discovery, protein-protein interactions, in vivo imaging in small animals, and controlling neurons. Due to the expression of luciferase and easy permeation of luciferin into most cells and tissues, bioluminescence assays are applied nowadays with modern technologies in most cell and tissue types. It is a versatile technique in a variety of biomedical research. Furthermore, there are some investigated blue-sky research projects, such as bioluminescent plants and lamps. This review article is mainly based on the theory of diverse bioluminescence systems and their past, present, and future applications.
生物发光是一种源自生物的迷人自然发光现象。当荧光素酶促进荧光素氧化时，就会发生生物发光，从而产生激发态物种并发出光。尽管存在许多生物发光系统，但已被鉴定的却很少。依赖D - 荧光素的系统、依赖腔肠素的系统、基于荧光素的系统、基于四吡咯的荧光素、细菌生物发光系统和真菌生物发光系统都是天然生物发光系统。由于不同的生物发光系统，如荧光素 - 荧光素酶对反应的各种组合，具有不同的发光波长，它们在药物发现、蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用、小动物体内成像以及控制神经元等工业应用中具有优势。由于荧光素酶的表达以及荧光素易于渗透到大多数细胞和组织中，如今生物发光测定法已通过现代技术应用于大多数细胞和组织类型。它是各种生物医学研究中的一种通用技术。此外，还有一些正在研究的前沿研究项目，如生物发光植物和灯具。这篇综述文章主要基于不同生物发光系统的理论及其过去、现在和未来的应用。
