Jokiranta Suvi T, Miettinen Simo, Salonen Sami, Kareinen Lauri, Uusitalo Ruut, Korhonen Essi M, Virtanen Jenni, Kivistö Ilkka, Aaltonen Kirsi, Mosselhy Dina A, Lääveri Tinja, Kantele Anu, Arstila T Petteri, Jarva Hanna, Vapalahti Olli, Heinonen Santtu, Kekäläinen Eliisa
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Pathog Immun. 2024 Feb 7;8(2):74-87. doi: 10.20411/pai.v8i2.627. eCollection 2023.
Lymphopenia is common in COVID-19. This has raised concerns that COVID-19 could affect the immune system akin to measles infection, which causes immune amnesia and a reduction in protective antibodies.
We recruited COVID-19 patients (n = 59) in Helsinki, Finland, and collected plasma samples on 2 to 3 occasions during and after infection. We measured IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxin, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis toxin, along with total IgG, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG, and neutralizing antibodies. We also surveyed the participants for up to 17 months for long-term impaired olfaction as a proxy for prolonged post-acute COVID-19 symptoms.
No significant differences were found in the unrelated vaccine responses while the serological response against COVID-19 was appropriate. During the acute phase of the disease, the SARSCoV-2 IgG levels were lower in outpatients when compared to inpatients. SARS-CoV-2 serology kinetics matched expectations. In the acute phase, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria IgG levels were lower in patients with prolonged impaired olfaction during follow up than in those without.
We could not detect significant decline in overall humoral immunity during or after COVID-19 infection. In severe COVID-19, there appears to be a temporary decline in total IgG levels.
淋巴细胞减少在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID - 19）中很常见。这引发了人们对COVID - 19可能像麻疹感染一样影响免疫系统的担忧，麻疹感染会导致免疫失忆和保护性抗体减少。
我们在芬兰赫尔辛基招募了COVID - 19患者（n = 59），并在感染期间及之后2至3次采集血浆样本。我们检测了对白喉毒素、破伤风类毒素和百日咳毒素的IgG抗体，以及总IgG、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突蛋白IgG和中和抗体。我们还对参与者进行了长达17个月的调查，以长期嗅觉减退作为COVID - 19急性感染后症状延长的替代指标。
在针对COVID - 19的血清学反应正常的情况下，未发现无关疫苗反应存在显著差异。在疾病急性期，门诊患者的SARS-CoV-2 IgG水平低于住院患者。SARS-CoV-2血清学动力学符合预期。在急性期，随访期间嗅觉长期受损的患者抗破伤风和抗白喉IgG水平低于未受损患者。
我们在COVID - 19感染期间或之后未检测到总体体液免疫有显著下降。在重症COVID - 19中，总IgG水平似乎有暂时下降。
