泰国健康青少年对白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳的抗体血清流行率。
Seroprevalence of antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis among healthy Thai adolescents.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
出版信息
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;96:422-430. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.088. Epub 2020 May 6.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis among Thai adolescents.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among Thai adolescents aged 11-20 years who had completed five doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP)-containing vaccine during childhood, either diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) or diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. Protective antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis were defined as anti-diphtheria toxoid IgG ≥0.1 IU/ml, anti-tetanus toxoid IgG ≥0.1 IU/ml, and anti-Bordetella pertussis toxin IgG ≥5 IU/ml, respectively.
RESULTS
Of 220 adolescents (median age 16 years), 45% had received a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid (Td) booster vaccine during adolescence, and none (0%) had received a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccine. Overall, 50%, 99%, and 57% of adolescents demonstrated protective antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, respectively. The geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of antibodies against diphtheria (p = 0.06) and tetanus (p < 0.001) were higher among adolescents who had received Td vaccine. Nevertheless, the antibody levels against both diseases waned over time, regardless of Td booster vaccination. Likewise, pertussis antibody levels gradually declined after the fifth childhood dose of DTwP/DTaP vaccine.
CONCLUSIONS
Approximately half of these healthy Thai adolescents had not maintained protective antibodies against diphtheria and pertussis. A booster vaccination with diphtheria toxoid and/or acellular pertussis-containing vaccines is a crucial strategy to prevent such diseases in this population.
目的
确定泰国青少年对白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳的抗体血清流行率。
方法
在完成了五剂含白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳（DTp）疫苗接种的 11-20 岁泰国青少年中进行了一项横断面研究，疫苗为白喉类毒素、破伤风类毒素、全细胞百日咳（DTwP）或白喉类毒素、破伤风类毒素、无细胞百日咳（DTaP）疫苗。对白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳的保护性抗体定义为抗白喉类毒素 IgG≥0.1IU/ml、抗破伤风类毒素 IgG≥0.1IU/ml和抗博德特氏菌百日咳毒素 IgG≥5IU/ml。
结果
在 220 名青少年中（中位数年龄 16 岁），45%在青少年时期接受了破伤风类毒素、减少白喉类毒素（Td）加强疫苗接种，没有（0%）接受了破伤风类毒素、减少白喉类毒素、无细胞百日咳（Tdap）加强疫苗接种。总体而言，50%、99%和 57%的青少年对白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳分别表现出保护性抗体。抗白喉（p=0.06）和破伤风（p<0.001）抗体的几何平均浓度（GMC）在接受 Td 疫苗的青少年中更高。然而，无论是否接受 Td 加强疫苗接种，这两种疾病的抗体水平都随时间而下降。同样，在接受 DTwP/DTaP 疫苗的第五剂后，百日咳抗体水平逐渐下降。
结论
这些健康的泰国青少年中，约有一半未能维持对白喉和无细胞百日咳的保护性抗体。在该人群中，使用含白喉类毒素和/或无细胞百日咳的疫苗进行加强免疫接种是预防此类疾病的关键策略。
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