Alqahtani Sultan, Alyabis Lama, Alyabis Hissah, Al Qurashi Nouf, Almadi Rose, Alsoman Majd, Alzahrani Mohsen
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.
Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Jan 21;16(1):e52692. doi: 10.7759/cureus.52692. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. It is the second-most common hematological malignancy. The survival rate varies depending on age at diagnosis, comorbidities, and treatment.This study aims to assess the prevalence of clinical and laboratory characteristics among multiple myeloma patients. Methods This is an observational study of multiple myeloma patients who were admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City - National Guard between January 2015 and December 2020. Patient records were reviewed to derive clinical and laboratory characteristics. Descriptive data analysis and survival analysis were obtained using SPSS. Results Our study included 151 patients, 95 of whom were males and 56 were females, and the mean age of diagnosis with MM was 62.6 (SD = 13.4). Among 151 MM patients, the most common clinical signs were bone lesions and renal disease, with a percentage of 66.9% and 46.4%, respectively. Death rates throughout the time of study conduction were 19.2%, accounting for 29 patients, and the median overall survival was 5.1 years with a 95% confidence level. Testing the association between survival rates and gender showed that death rates in females were significantly higher than in males (p-value = 0.023). Patients with anemia had a significantly higher hazard ratio in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses (aHR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.21-5.65). Conclusion There was a relationship between survival and gender, which suggests a protective factor favoring the male gender. Clinical and laboratory characteristics, including bone marrow lesions, anemia, and renal disease, were the initial presentation; thus, a detailed history focused on symptoms should be taken when any of these symptoms are reported.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种以单克隆免疫球蛋白产生为特征的血液系统恶性肿瘤。它是第二常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤。生存率因诊断时的年龄、合并症和治疗情况而异。本研究旨在评估多发性骨髓瘤患者临床和实验室特征的患病率。方法：这是一项对2015年1月至2020年12月期间入住阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城 - 国民警卫队的多发性骨髓瘤患者的观察性研究。回顾患者记录以得出临床和实验室特征。使用SPSS进行描述性数据分析和生存分析。结果：我们的研究包括151名患者，其中95名男性和56名女性，MM诊断的平均年龄为62.6岁（标准差 = 13.4）。在151名MM患者中，最常见的临床体征是骨病变和肾脏疾病，分别占66.9%和46.4%。在研究进行期间的死亡率为19.2%，即29名患者，中位总生存期为5.1年，置信水平为95%。对生存率与性别之间的关联进行测试表明，女性的死亡率显著高于男性（p值 = 0.023）。在未调整和调整分析中，贫血患者的风险比均显著更高（校正后风险比 = 2.61；95%置信区间 = 1.21 - 5.65）。结论：生存与性别之间存在关系，这表明男性存在一种保护因素。包括骨髓病变、贫血和肾脏疾病在内的临床和实验室特征是最初表现；因此，当报告任何这些症状时，应详细询问侧重于症状的病史。
