Gastager H, Mitterauer B, Vital F
Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1985 Nov;143(9):837-44.
A study of psychopathological manifestations of depressive in-patients, treated in the Salzburg psychiatric clinic in the last ten years, showed a masked shift of symptoms. The shift is away from guilt-feelings as well as away from religious content to a more general moral one. Also noted was a definite increase in feelings on insufficiency and hypochondric ideas. A comparison with tendencies in the Maghreb areas, in which a shift from the masked-somatic symptoms toward guilt-depression is reported, our results show here in Europe a renewed tendency of a shift from guilt-depression to hypochondric or anxiety-depression.
一项对过去十年在萨尔茨堡精神病诊所接受治疗的抑郁症住院患者的精神病理表现的研究显示，症状出现了隐性转变。这种转变是从内疚感以及宗教内容转向更普遍的道德内容。还注意到不足感和疑病观念有明显增加。与马格里布地区的趋势进行比较（据报道该地区从隐性躯体症状转向内疚抑郁），我们的研究结果表明，在欧洲出现了从内疚抑郁转向疑病或焦虑抑郁的新趋势。
