Pesold Vanessa-Vivien, Wendler Olaf, Gröhn Franziska, Mueller Sarina K
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, BY, Germany.
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, BY, Germany.
J Inflamm Res. 2024 Feb 8;17:865-880. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S436450. eCollection 2024.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the nasal lymphatic system in order to uncover novel factors that might be involved in pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP).
Lymphatic vessels (LVs) and macrophages were localized and counted in the inferior and middle turbinate, the uncinate process and the ethmoid of CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients, the NP and the inferior turbinate of controls (n≥6 per group). Lysates of the same tissue types (n=7 per group) were analyzed for lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE-1), for matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) and for Hyaluronic acid (HA) using ELISA. HA was localized in sections of CRSwNP NP, CRSsNP ethmoid and control inferior turbinate (n=6 per group). The results of HA levels were correlated to the number of macrophages in tissues. The nasal secretions of CRSwNP (n=28), CRSsNP (n=30), and control (n=30) patients were analyzed for LYVE-1 and HA using ELISA.
The number of LVs was significantly lower in tissues of both CRS groups compared to the control. In the tissue lysates, LYVE-1 expression differed significantly between the CRSwNP tissues with a particularly high level in the NP. MMP-14 was significantly overexpressed in CRSwNP uncinate process. There were no significant differences in tissue HA expression. In the mucus LYVE-1 was significantly underexpressed in CRSsNP compared to CRSwNP and control, while HA was significantly underexpressed in both CRS groups. In the NP, HA and macrophages were accumulated particularly below the epithelium. Tissue levels of HA revealed a significant positive correlation with the number of macrophages.
CRS might be associated with an insufficient clearing of the nasal mucosa through the lymphatics. The accumulation of HA and macrophages might promote inflammation, fluid retention, and polyp formation. These results may provide novel CRS-associated factors.
本研究旨在分析鼻淋巴系统，以发现可能参与伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）和不伴鼻息肉（CRSsNP）的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）发病机制的新因素。
对CRSwNP和CRSsNP患者的下鼻甲、中鼻甲、钩突和筛窦，以及对照组的鼻息肉和下鼻甲中的淋巴管（LVs）和巨噬细胞进行定位和计数（每组n≥6）。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）分析相同组织类型（每组n = 7）的裂解物中的淋巴管内皮受体1（LYVE-1）、基质金属蛋白酶14（MMP-14）和透明质酸（HA）。在CRSwNP鼻息肉、CRSsNP筛窦和对照下鼻甲切片中定位HA（每组n = 6）。将HA水平的结果与组织中的巨噬细胞数量相关联。使用ELISA分析CRSwNP（n = 28）、CRSsNP（n = 30）和对照（n = 30）患者的鼻分泌物中的LYVE-1和HA。
与对照组相比，两个CRS组组织中的LVs数量均显著降低。在组织裂解物中，CRSwNP组织之间的LYVE-1表达存在显著差异，鼻息肉中的水平特别高。MMP-14在CRSwNP钩突中显著过表达。组织HA表达无显著差异。在黏液中，与CRSwNP和对照组相比，CRSsNP中的LYVE-1显著低表达，而在两个CRS组中HA均显著低表达。在鼻息肉中，HA和巨噬细胞尤其在上皮下方积聚。组织HA水平与巨噬细胞数量呈显著正相关。
CRS可能与通过淋巴管对鼻黏膜的清除不足有关。HA和巨噬细胞的积聚可能促进炎症、液体潴留和息肉形成。这些结果可能提供与CRS相关的新因素。
