Sawai Akemi, Shida Takashi, Hoshikawa Yoshihiro, Hatanaka Sho, Ueda Mashiro, Kato Yuri, Tokinoya Katsuyuki, Natsui Hiroaki, Kawakami Yasushi, Takekoshi Kazuhiro
Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Setagaya City, Japan.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jan 29;6:1322295. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1322295. eCollection 2024.
We aimed to determine the effects of exercise on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels and concentration changes during the menstrual cycle in participants with regular menstrual cycles and no exercise habits.
Eleven sedentary female students with regular menstrual cycles and ovulation performed bicycle exercises at 60% VO for 30 min during the menstrual, ovulatory, and luteal phases. Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post 0), 30 min after (Post 30), and 60 min after (Post 60) exercise. Blood concentrations of ovarian hormones, cfDNA, prostaglandin F2a (PGF2α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and aromatase were evaluated.
Based on the concentration of ovarian hormones, seven individuals were finally analyzed. No significant phase difference was observed in cfDNA across all time points. cfDNA (menstrual phase: = 0.028, ovulatory phase: = 0.018, and luteal phase: = 0.048) and aromatase concentrations (menstrual phase: = 0.040, ovulatory phase: = 0.039, and luteal phase: = 0.045) significantly increased from Pre to Post 0 in all phases. Serum estradiol (E2) levels were significantly higher in the luteal phase at all time points than in the menstrual phase (Pre: < 0.001, Post 0: < 0.001, Post 30: = 0.005, and Post 60: = 0.011); however, serum progesterone (P4) levels were significantly higher in the luteal phase at all time points than in the menstrual (Pre: < 0.001, Post 0: < 0.001, Post 30: < 0.001, and Post 60: < 0.001) and ovulatory phases (Pre: = 0.005, Post 0: = 0.005, Post 30: = 0.003, and Post 60: = 0.003). E2 levels significantly increased from Pre to Post 0 in the ovulatory and luteal phases, whereas P4 levels increased in the luteal phase. Progesterone to estradiol level ratio (P4/E2) changes from Pre to Post 0 (%baseline) during the luteal phase were significantly negatively correlated ( = -0.82, = 0.046) with the changes in cfDNA from Pre to Post 0. Furthermore, the repeated measures correlation between P4/E2 and cfDNA level showed a significant negative correlation in ovulatory and luteal phases.
The results indicate that while resting cfDNA levels are unlikely to be affected by a woman's menstrual cycle, the increase in cfDNA after exercise is higher in the ovulatory phase (when only E2 increases) and lower in the luteal phase (when E2 and P4 increase with exercise) compared to that in the menstrual phase (when E2 and P4 are in low levels), suggesting the contribution of increased ovarian hormone levels after exercise.
我们旨在确定运动对月经周期规律且无运动习惯的参与者在月经周期中无细胞DNA（cfDNA）水平及浓度变化的影响。
11名月经周期规律且有排卵的久坐不动的女学生在月经周期的月经期、排卵期和黄体期，以60%的最大摄氧量进行30分钟的自行车运动。在运动前（Pre）、运动后即刻（Post 0）、运动后30分钟（Post 30）和运动后60分钟（Post 60）采集血样。评估血中卵巢激素、cfDNA、前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和芳香化酶的浓度。
基于卵巢激素浓度，最终分析了7名个体。在所有时间点，cfDNA均未观察到显著的阶段差异。cfDNA（月经期： = 0.028，排卵期： = 0.018，黄体期： = 0.048）和芳香化酶浓度（月经期： = 0.040，排卵期： = 0.039，黄体期： = 0.045）在所有阶段从运动前到运动后即刻均显著升高。在所有时间点，黄体期的血清雌二醇（E2）水平均显著高于月经期（运动前： < 0.001，运动后即刻： < 0.001，运动后30分钟： = 0.005，运动后60分钟： = 0.011）；然而，黄体期在所有时间点的血清孕酮（P4）水平均显著高于月经期（运动前： < 0.001，运动后即刻： < 0.001，运动后30分钟： < 0.001，运动后60分钟： < 0.001）和排卵期（运动前： = 0.005，运动后即刻： = 0.005，运动后30分钟： = 0.003，运动后60分钟： = 0.003）。在排卵期和黄体期，E2水平从运动前到运动后即刻显著升高，而P4水平在黄体期升高。黄体期运动前到运动后即刻孕酮与雌二醇水平比值（P4/E2）的变化（%基线）与运动前到运动后即刻cfDNA的变化显著负相关（ = -0.82， = 0.046）。此外，在排卵期和黄体期，P4/E2与cfDNA水平之间的重复测量相关性显示出显著的负相关。
结果表明，虽然静息cfDNA水平不太可能受女性月经周期影响，但与月经期（此时E2和P4处于低水平）相比，运动后cfDNA的增加在排卵期（此时仅E2增加）更高，而在黄体期（此时E2和P4随运动增加）更低，这表明运动后卵巢激素水平升高起到了作用。
