School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK; School of Environment & Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2024 Mar;200:116081. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116081. Epub 2024 Feb 13.
Human wastewater-derived pollution of the environment is an emerging health risk that increases the number of waterborne and foodborne illnesses globally. To better understand and mitigate such health risks, we investigated the prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli, and indicator virus (crAssphage) along with human and animal enteric viruses (adenoviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, hepatitis E virus) in shellfish and water samples collected from two shellfish harvesting areas in the UK. Human noroviruses were detected at higher detection rates in oyster and water samples compared to mussels with peaks during the autumn-winter seasons. Human enteric viruses were sporadically detected during the warmer months, suggesting potential introduction by tourists following the relaxation of COVID-19 lockdown measures. Our results suggest that viral indicators are more suitable for risk assessment and source tracking than E. coli. The detection of emerging hepatitis and sapoviruses, support the need for comprehensive viral monitoring in shellfish harvesting areas.
人类废水对环境造成的污染是一种新出现的健康风险，它增加了全球水传播和食源性疾病的数量。为了更好地了解和减轻这种健康风险，我们调查了在英国两个贝类捕捞区采集的贝类和水样中粪便指示菌、大肠杆菌和指示病毒（crAssphage）以及人类和动物肠道病毒（腺病毒、诺如病毒、肠型 sapovirus、戊型肝炎病毒）的流行情况。与贻贝相比，牡蛎和水样中检测到的人诺如病毒的检出率更高，秋冬季达到高峰。在温暖的月份，偶尔会检测到人类肠道病毒，这表明 COVID-19 封锁措施放松后，游客的引入可能是一个潜在的原因。我们的研究结果表明，与大肠杆菌相比，病毒指标更适合风险评估和溯源。新兴的戊型肝炎病毒和 sapovirus 的检测结果支持在贝类捕捞区进行全面的病毒监测。
