Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16th Mei-guan Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
Neurochem Int. 2024 Mar;174:105696. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105696. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
Brain-related complications are common in clinical practice after spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the molecular mechanisms of these complications are still unclear. Here, we reviewed the changes in the brain regions caused by SCI from three perspectives: imaging, molecular analysis, and electrophysiology. Imaging studies revealed abnormal functional connectivity, gray matter volume atrophy, and metabolic abnormalities in brain regions after SCI, leading to changes in the structure and function of brain regions. At the molecular level, chemokines, inflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns produced in the injured area were retrogradely transmitted through the corticospinal tract, cerebrospinal fluid, or blood circulation to the specific brain area to cause pathologic changes. Electrophysiologic recordings also suggested abnormal changes in brain electrical activity after SCI. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation alleviated pain and improved motor function in patients with SCI; therefore, transcranial therapy may be a new strategy for the treatment of patients with SCI.
脑相关并发症在脊髓损伤（SCI）后临床实践中较为常见，但这些并发症的分子机制仍不清楚。在此，我们从影像学、分子分析和电生理学三个方面综述了 SCI 引起的脑区变化。影像学研究显示，SCI 后脑区的功能连接异常、灰质体积萎缩和代谢异常，导致脑区结构和功能的改变。在分子水平上，损伤区产生的趋化因子、炎症因子和损伤相关分子模式通过皮质脊髓束、脑脊液或血液循环逆行传递到特定脑区，引起病变。电生理记录也提示 SCI 后脑电活动异常。经颅磁刺激、经颅直流电刺激和深部脑刺激缓解了 SCI 患者的疼痛并改善了运动功能；因此，经颅治疗可能是 SCI 患者治疗的新策略。
