School of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India.
Ann Pharm Fr. 2024 May;82(3):373-391. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.02.005. Epub 2024 Feb 13.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is described by too much hepatic fat deposition causing steatosis, which further develops into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), defined by necroinflammation and fibrosis, progressing further to hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. NAFLD is linked to different aspects of the metabolic syndrome like obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and its pathogenesis involves several elements including diet, obesity, disruption of lipid homeostasis, and a high buildup of triglycerides and other lipids in liver cells. It is therefore linked to an increase in the susceptibility to developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Several interventions exist regarding its management, but the availability of natural sources through diet will be a benefit in dealing with the disorder due to the immensely growing dependence of the population worldwide on natural sources owing to their ability to treat the root cause of the disease. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic pigments that exist in the form of glycosides, which are the glucosides of anthocyanidins and are produced from flavonoids via the phenyl propanoid pathway. To understand their mode of action in NAFLD and their therapeutic potential, the literature on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials on naturally occurring ACN-rich sources was exhaustively reviewed. It was concluded that ACNs show their potential in the treatment of NAFLD through their antioxidant properties and their efficacy to control lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, transcription factors, and inflammation. This led to the conclusion that ACNs possess efficacy in the amelioration of NAFLD and the various features associated with it. However, additional clinical trials are required to justify the potential of ACNs in NAFLD.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是指肝脏脂肪沉积过多导致脂肪变性，进一步发展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH），其特征为坏死性炎症和纤维化，进一步发展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌和肝功能衰竭。NAFLD 与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压和血脂异常等代谢综合征的不同方面有关，其发病机制涉及多个因素，包括饮食、肥胖、脂质稳态失调以及肝细胞内甘油三酯和其他脂质的大量堆积。因此，它与糖尿病和心血管疾病易感性的增加有关。针对其管理有多种干预措施，但通过饮食获得天然来源将是一种有益的方法，因为全世界的人口对天然来源的依赖程度越来越高，这是因为它们能够治疗疾病的根本原因。花色苷（ACNs）是天然存在的多酚类色素，以糖苷的形式存在，是花色苷的葡萄糖苷，通过苯丙烷途径从类黄酮中产生。为了了解它们在 NAFLD 中的作用机制及其治疗潜力，对关于天然富含 ACN 来源的体外、体内和临床试验进行了详尽的文献回顾。结论是，ACNs 通过其抗氧化特性及其控制脂质代谢、葡萄糖稳态、转录因子和炎症的功效，显示出在治疗 NAFLD 方面的潜力。这得出的结论是，ACNs 具有改善 NAFLD 及其相关特征的功效。然而，需要更多的临床试验来证明 ACNs 在 NAFLD 中的潜力。
