Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Mar 15;345:123560. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123560. Epub 2024 Feb 13.
Although growing evidences have proved the wide presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in marine environments, information on the tissue- and species-specific accumulation characteristics of these emerging pollutants in wild marine fish and the associated human exposure risks are currently lacking. Eleven OPEs were comprehensively investigated for their occurrence and tissue accumulation in 15 marine fish species and their living environment matrices (seawater and sediment) from the Beibu Gulf. The OPE concentrations were statistically higher in the liver (17.6-177 ng/g ww, mean 90.9 ± 52.1 ng/g ww) than those of muscle tissues (2.04-22.9 ng/g ww, mean 10.6 ± 5.6 ng/g ww). Tris (phenyl) phosphate (TPHP) was the most predominant OPE congeners in fish liver, and tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were dominant OPEs in the muscle. The results suggested different OPE profiles occurred between the tissues. The median logarithmic bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of TPHP in the muscle and liver, and TCEP in muscle were higher than the regulatory benchmark value (BCF >3.7), indicating very strong bioaccumulation. Carnivorous benthic fish appear to potentially accumulate TPHP, while pelagic and omnivory fish tend to accumulate TCIPP and TCEP. Except for proteins and phospholipids, no significant relationships were found between OPE levels and other biological properties of the studied fish. The results implied that the species-specific accumulation of OPEs mainly attributed to habitat and feeding habit rather than the difference of biochemical composition among species. Metabolism may have a significant effect on the bioaccumulation of OPEs in marine fish. The dietary risks of OPEs for consumers in different age groups ranged from 2.02 × 10 to 3.01 × 10, indicating relatively low human exposure risks from fish consumption.
尽管越来越多的证据证明了有机磷酸酯 (OPEs) 在海洋环境中的广泛存在，但关于这些新兴污染物在野生海洋鱼类中的组织和物种特异性积累特征以及相关的人类暴露风险的信息目前还很缺乏。本研究全面调查了北部湾 15 种海洋鱼类及其生活环境（海水和沉积物）中 11 种 OPE 的存在和组织积累情况。OPE 的浓度在肝脏（17.6-177ng/gww，平均值 90.9±52.1ng/gww）中明显高于肌肉组织（2.04-22.9ng/gww，平均值 10.6±5.6ng/gww）。三（苯基）磷酸酯 (TPHP) 是鱼类肝脏中最主要的 OPE 同系物，而三（2-氯丙基）磷酸酯 (TCIPP) 和三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯 (TCEP) 则是肌肉中主要的 OPE。结果表明，不同组织之间存在不同的 OPE 分布特征。TPHP 在肌肉和肝脏、TCEP 在肌肉中的对数生物积累因子（BAF）中位数高于监管基准值（BCF>3.7），表明具有很强的生物积累性。肉食性底栖鱼类可能会积累 TPHP，而洄游性和杂食性鱼类则倾向于积累 TCIPP 和 TCEP。除了蛋白质和磷脂之外，OPE 水平与研究鱼类的其他生物学特性之间没有发现显著的关系。结果表明，OPEs 的物种特异性积累主要归因于栖息地和摄食习性，而不是物种间生化组成的差异。新陈代谢可能对海洋鱼类中 OPEs 的生物积累有显著影响。不同年龄组消费者通过食用鱼类摄入 OPEs 的风险范围为 2.02×10-3.01×10-3，表明从鱼类摄入 OPEs 导致的人类暴露风险相对较低。
