Branchadell Victoria, Poy Rosario, Segarra Pilar, Ribes-Guardiola Pablo, Moltó Javier
Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jan 31;15:1290890. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1290890. eCollection 2024.
Addiction-related attentional biases may play a central role in the development and maintenance of drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. However, evidence in cocaine dependence is limited and mixed. This study examined the time course and component processes of attentional biases for cocaine-related cues in a sample of 47 outpatients (38 men) with cocaine use disorder (CUD) with varying durations of current abstinence. Reaction times in a visual dot-probe task with two picture exposure durations -500 ms, to assess initial stages of attention, and 2,000 ms, to assess maintained attention- were recorded. We found faster responses to probes replacing cocaine-related vs. matched control pictures in the 500 ms but not in the 2,000 ms condition, indicative of early but not late attentional biases for cocaine cues in abstinent patients with CUD. Further comparisons with a neutral baseline revealed that it was not due to rapid orienting but to delayed disengagement from cocaine-related pictures, being this effect greater the longer the period of current abstinence. Consistent with the incentive-sensitization theory, these data suggest that cocaine-related stimuli maintain the capacity to hold spatial attention in abstinent patients with CUD, even after months of abstinence, highlighting the relevance of carrying out stimulus control to avoid relapses.
与成瘾相关的注意力偏差可能在寻求药物和用药行为的发展及维持过程中发挥核心作用。然而，关于可卡因依赖的证据有限且存在矛盾。本研究在47名患有可卡因使用障碍（CUD）且当前戒断时长各异的门诊患者（38名男性）样本中，考察了对可卡因相关线索的注意力偏差的时间进程和组成过程。记录了在视觉点探测任务中的反应时间，该任务有两种图片呈现时长——500毫秒（用于评估注意力的初始阶段）和2000毫秒（用于评估持续注意力）。我们发现，在500毫秒条件下，对替换可卡因相关图片而非匹配对照图片的探测刺激反应更快，但在2000毫秒条件下并非如此，这表明在患有CUD的戒断患者中，对可卡因线索存在早期而非晚期的注意力偏差。与中性基线的进一步比较显示，这并非由于快速定向，而是由于从可卡因相关图片上脱离延迟，当前戒断时间越长，这种效应越大。与激励 - 敏感化理论一致，这些数据表明，即使经过数月戒断，可卡因相关刺激仍能使患有CUD的戒断患者保持对空间注意力的吸引，凸显了实施刺激控制以避免复发的重要性。
