SouthWest University, China.
University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi.
Afr Health Sci. 2023 Sep;23(3):468-480. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.54.
AIDS is an incurable disease that is common in Africa. Patients with HIV/AIDS having a CD4 count of less than 240 are put on life prolonging ARV drugs. The ARVs have serious side effects on some patients which may be handled by treating them or switching patient's drug to one with no or less serious side effects. However, before doing this, more understanding of the circumstances that lead to a side effect is vital. We use statistical analyses to link side effects of 1A, 2A, and 5A treatment regimens to the patient's social and demographic characteristics based on hospital data records. A retrospective review of patients' master cards (2011-2014) was done to assess adverse effects associated with different ARV regimens. Out of the 901 patients that showed side effects, 65.37% were females aged 31-40 and 34.63% were males. Comparatively, 1A regimen showed more side effects than 2A and 5A regimens. Age, gender and occupation correlated significantly with regimen symptoms (p< 0.05). Unlike men, women had the following extra side effects; cough, peripheral neuropathy and leg pains as compared to lipodystrophy. Our results show that old people (50years+) are less likely to get skin rash and other symptoms compared to lipodystrophy (RRR=0.973). Further, the probability of either having cough (0.0021, p< 0.05), or skin rash (0.0021, p< 0.05), as a side effect, on average, decreases as age increases with the same sex and weight. The probability of having peripheral neuropathy (0.0042, p< 0.01), however, increases with age. Knowledge of HIV patient's socio-demographics and the patient's regimen side effects can be utilised to appropriately manage severe ARV side effects. A therapy consideration that takes into account chemicals in ARV regimen responsible for specific side effects can be directed to patients with compatible socio-demographic characteristics.
艾滋病是一种无法治愈的疾病，在非洲很常见。HIV/AIDS 患者的 CD4 计数低于 240 时，会使用延长生命的抗逆转录病毒药物（ARV）进行治疗。这些 ARV 药物对一些患者有严重的副作用，可能需要通过治疗或更换药物来解决，以避免或减少严重的副作用。然而，在进行这些治疗之前，更深入地了解导致副作用的情况至关重要。我们使用统计分析方法，根据医院数据记录，将 1A、2A 和 5A 治疗方案的副作用与患者的社会人口特征联系起来。我们对患者的主卡（2011-2014 年）进行了回顾性审查，以评估不同 ARV 方案相关的不良反应。在 901 名出现副作用的患者中，65.37%为 31-40 岁的女性，34.63%为男性。相比之下，1A 方案比 2A 和 5A 方案显示出更多的副作用。年龄、性别和职业与治疗方案症状显著相关（p<0.05）。与男性不同，女性比男性多出现咳嗽、周围神经病和腿部疼痛等副作用，而男性则多出现脂肪营养不良。我们的结果表明，与脂肪营养不良相比，老年人（50 岁以上）较少出现皮疹和其他症状（RRR=0.973）。此外，无论性别和体重如何，随着年龄的增长，平均而言，出现咳嗽（0.0021，p<0.05）或皮疹（0.0021，p<0.05）等副作用的概率都会降低。然而，随着年龄的增长，出现周围神经病的概率会增加（0.0042，p<0.01）。了解 HIV 患者的社会人口统计学特征和患者的治疗方案副作用，可以帮助我们更好地管理严重的 ARV 副作用。考虑到 ARV 方案中导致特定副作用的化学物质，可以为具有相容的社会人口统计学特征的患者提供有针对性的治疗。
