Hassani Laleh, Toghroli Razie, Aghamolaei Teamur, Sharifi Hamid, Jajarmi Maziar, Sharma Manoj
Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran.
HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran.
Health Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 13;7(2):e1886. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1886. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat. Moreover, incorrect and inappropriate drug prescription behavior is considered a fundamental risk factor. Thus, the present study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program based on the multi-theoretical model (MTM) in improving antibiotic prescription behavior in veterinary students of Iran.
The present study will include four phases including a qualitative phase, an instrument design and psychometric test phase, and a cross-sectional, and an interventional phase. In the first phase, the sampling will be purposive with a maximum variety. The interviews will be conducted with a sample of veterinarians.
The data will be analyzed in MAXQDA 10. In the second phase, the face and content validity will be tested by a panel of experts as field specialists. A confirmatory factor analysis will be used to test construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intracluster correlation coefficient will be used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. Then, at this stage, a number of veterinary students will be selected through a multi-stage sampling method. In the cross-sectional phase, another sample of veterinary students will complete a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, Spearman's correlation coefficient test will be used to test the relationship between the two stages of behavior initiation and behavior continuation. The data will be analyzed in SPSS 22. In the third phase, some veterinary students will be selected through a census and will be randomly divided into a control and an intervention group. To collect data in the final phase, the researcher-made questionnaire that was designed in the second phase of the study based on a multi-theory model will be used to extract data. To compare demographic characteristics, compare the correlation between the constructs of the multi-theory model with antibiotic prescribing behavior in the cross-sectional phase and compare the scores of the constructs of the MTM in two intervention and control groups paired-samples test and independent-samples test will be used.
The present study will aim to improve antibiotic prescription behavior in veterinary students based on a MTM. The findings can be used as a model for training students in clinical fields such as veterinary medicine and general medicine at university at a national level. After verification and approval by experts and university professors, we can expect a change in the educational curriculum to include instructions on how to write out prescriptions for students. There are hopes that the present study if conducted accurately and widely to help prevent AMR in livestock, humans, and society.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是对全球健康的一大威胁。此外，不正确和不恰当的药物处方行为被视为一个基本风险因素。因此，本研究旨在开发、实施并评估基于多理论模型（MTM）的教育项目在改善伊朗兽医专业学生抗生素处方行为方面的有效性。
本研究将包括四个阶段，即定性阶段、工具设计与心理测量测试阶段、横断面阶段和干预阶段。在第一阶段，将采用最大差异目的抽样法。将对一组兽医进行访谈。
数据将在MAXQDA 10中进行分析。在第二阶段，将由作为领域专家的专家小组测试表面效度和内容效度。将使用验证性因素分析来测试结构效度，并使用克朗巴哈α系数和组内相关系数来确定工具的内部一致性。然后，在此阶段，将通过多阶段抽样方法选择一些兽医专业学生。在横断面阶段，另一组兽医专业学生样本将完成一份由研究人员编制的问卷。然后，将使用斯皮尔曼相关系数检验来测试行为启动和行为持续两个阶段之间的关系。数据将在SPSS 22中进行分析。在第三阶段，将通过普查选择一些兽医专业学生，并将其随机分为对照组和干预组。在最后阶段收集数据时，将使用在研究的第二阶段基于多理论模型设计的由研究人员编制的问卷来提取数据。为了比较人口统计学特征，比较横断面阶段多理论模型的结构与抗生素处方行为之间的相关性，并比较两个干预组和对照组中MTM结构的得分，将使用配对样本检验和独立样本检验。
本研究旨在基于MTM改善兽医专业学生的抗生素处方行为。研究结果可作为在国家层面为大学兽医和普通医学等临床领域的学生提供培训的模型。经专家和大学教授验证和批准后，我们预计教育课程会有所改变，纳入针对学生如何开具处方的指导。希望本研究如果准确且广泛开展，将有助于预防家畜、人类和社会中的AMR。
