Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Feb;30(2):e14617. doi: 10.1111/cns.14617.
Glutamate and glutamine are the most abundant amino acids in the blood and play a crucial role in cell survival in the nervous system. Various transporters found in cell and mitochondrial membranes, such as the solute carriers (SLCs) superfamily, are responsible for maintaining the balance of glutamate and glutamine in the synaptic cleft and within cells. This balance affects the metabolism of glutamate and glutamine as non-essential amino acids.
This review aims to provide an overview of the transporters and enzymes associated with glutamate and glutamine in neuronal cells.
We delve into the function of glutamate and glutamine in the nervous system by discussing the transporters involved in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and the key enzymes responsible for their mutual conversion. Additionally, we highlight the role of glutamate and glutamine as carbon and nitrogen donors, as well as their significance as precursors for the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH).
Glutamate and glutamine play a crucial role in the brain due to their special effects. It is essential to focus on understanding glutamate and glutamine metabolism to comprehend the physiological behavior of nerve cells and to treat nervous system disorders and cancer.
谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺是血液中含量最丰富的氨基酸，在神经系统的细胞存活中起着至关重要的作用。各种在细胞膜和线粒体膜中发现的转运蛋白，如溶质载体（SLC）超家族，负责维持突触间隙和细胞内谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺的平衡。这种平衡影响作为非必需氨基酸的谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺的代谢。
本综述旨在概述与神经元细胞中谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺相关的转运蛋白和酶。
通过讨论参与谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环的转运蛋白和负责它们相互转化的关键酶，我们深入研究了谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺在神经系统中的功能。此外，我们强调了谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺作为碳和氮供体的作用，以及它们作为还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）合成前体的重要性。
由于其特殊作用，谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺在大脑中起着至关重要的作用。必须专注于理解谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺代谢，以了解神经细胞的生理行为，并治疗神经系统疾病和癌症。
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