“黑棘皮症”和“皮肤标签”作为非传染性疾病发病风险筛查工具的效用：在印度勒克瑙的一个医疗机构进行的横断面研究。

Utility of "Acanthosis Nigricans" and "Skin Tags" as a screening tool for risk of developing noncommunicable diseases: A cross-sectional study at a health facility in Lucknow (India).

机构信息

Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

出版信息

Ann Afr Med. 2024 Jan-Mar;23(1):29-35. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_90_23.

DOI:10.4103/aam.aam_90_23

PMID:38358168

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10922173/

Abstract

CONTEXT

Over the past three decades, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally, accompanied by a relative decline in communicable diseases.

AIMS

With this background, the research was planned to determine the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) or skin tags (STs) in the study population and to examine the relationship between the presence of AN and ST with commonly used indicators such as waist-to-height ratio (W/Ht.), Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), and body mass index for predicting the risk of NCDs.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

This cross-sectional study was done at a health facility in Lucknow (India).

METHODOLOGY

Consecutive sampling was employed to select 152 apparently healthy adults as the participants. Data collection involved administering a questionnaire and conducting anthropometry using standardized methods. Visual inspection was conducted to identify AN or ST on the common sites.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED

Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Excel, followed by data analysis using SPSS. To test the association between variables "significance of difference of mean," Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and estimation of Kohen's kappa were used. A "P" value was considered statistically significant at <0.05 level. The sensitivity and specificity of AN and ST were also estimated in predicting the risk of NCDs.

RESULTS

The prevalence of AN was 19.08% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.76%-25.40%), while the prevalence of STs was 28.29% (95% CI = 21.05%-35.53%). AN showed a sensitivity of 22.4% and specificity of 96.3% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 26.44% and specificity of 90.77% with IDRS as the standard. ST exhibited a sensitivity of 32.0% and specificity of 88.89% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 37.93% and specificity of 84.62% with IDRS as the standard.

CONCLUSION

AN and ST can be used as simple and time-saving tools in screening protocols for (NCDs). Further research is desirable to validate the findings.

摘要

背景

在过去的三十年中，全球范围内非传染性疾病（NCDs）的患病率显著上升，同时传染性疾病的患病率相对下降。

目的

基于这一背景，本研究旨在确定研究人群中黑棘皮病（AN）或皮肤标签（STs）的患病率，并研究 AN 和 ST 与常用指标（如腰高比（W/Ht.）、印度糖尿病风险评分（IDRS）和体重指数）之间的关系，以预测 NCDs 的风险。

设置和设计

这项横断面研究在印度勒克瑙的一家医疗机构进行。

方法

采用连续抽样法选取 152 名看似健康的成年人作为研究对象。数据收集包括使用标准化方法进行问卷调查和人体测量。通过肉眼观察在常见部位识别 AN 或 ST。

统计学分析方法

在 Microsoft Office Excel 中进行数据录入，然后使用 SPSS 进行数据分析。为了检验变量之间的关联，采用了“均值差异的显著性检验”、卡方检验、逻辑回归分析和 Kohen's kappa 估计。“P”值小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。还估计了 AN 和 ST 在预测 NCDs 风险方面的敏感性和特异性。

结果

AN 的患病率为 19.08%（95%置信区间 [CI] = 12.76%-25.40%），而 STs 的患病率为 28.29%（95% CI = 21.05%-35.53%）。以 W/Ht. 比为标准，AN 的敏感性为 22.4%，特异性为 96.3%，以 IDRS 为标准，敏感性为 26.44%，特异性为 90.77%。以 W/Ht. 比为标准，ST 的敏感性为 32.0%，特异性为 88.89%，以 IDRS 为标准，敏感性为 37.93%，特异性为 84.62%。