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管理澳大利亚蛙类壶菌病的进展: 。

Advances in Managing Chytridiomycosis for Australian Frogs: .

机构信息

One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia; email:

Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; email:

出版信息

Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2024 Feb 15;12:113-133. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-100823.

Abstract

Extensive knowledge gains from research worldwide over the 25 years since the discovery of chytridiomycosis can be used for improved management. Strategies that have saved populations in the short term and/or enabled recovery include captive breeding, translocation into disease refugia, translocation from resistant populations, disease-free exclosures, and preservation of disease refuges with connectivity to previous habitat, while antifungal treatments have reduced mortality rates in the wild. Increasing host resistance is the goal of many strategies under development, including vaccination and targeted genetic interventions. Pathogen-directed strategies may be more challenging but would have broad applicability. While the search for the silver bullet solution continues, we should value targeted local interventions that stop extinction and buy time for evolution of resistance or development of novel solutions. As for most invasive species and infectious diseases, we need to accept that ongoing management is necessary. For species continuing to decline, proactive deployment and assessment of promising interventions are more valid than a hands-off, do-no-harm approach that will likely allow further extinctions.

摘要

自发现壶菌病以来的 25 年里,全球范围内的广泛研究获得了大量知识,这些知识可用于改进管理。在短期内拯救种群和/或实现恢复的策略包括圈养繁殖、转移到疾病避难所、从抗性种群转移、无疾病围栏、以及保持与以前栖息地相连的疾病避难所,同时抗真菌治疗降低了野外的死亡率。提高宿主的抗性是许多正在开发的策略的目标,包括接种疫苗和有针对性的基因干预。针对病原体的策略可能更具挑战性,但具有广泛的适用性。虽然我们仍在寻找灵丹妙药,但我们应该重视有针对性的局部干预措施,这些措施可以阻止物种灭绝,并为抗性的进化或新解决方案的开发争取时间。对于大多数入侵物种和传染病,我们需要接受持续管理是必要的。对于那些持续减少的物种,积极部署和评估有前途的干预措施比不干预、不伤害的方法更有效,这种方法可能会导致进一步的灭绝。

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