MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 Feb 15;73(6):124-130. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7306a2.
Preliminary reports indicate that more than 109,000 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States in 2022; nearly 70% of these involved synthetic opioids other than methadone, primarily illegally manufactured fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (IMFs). Data from the western United States suggested a transition from injecting heroin to smoking IMFs. CDC analyzed data from the State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System to describe trends in routes of drug use in 27 states and the District of Columbia among overdose deaths that occurred during January 2020-December 2022, overall and by region and drugs detected. From January-June 2020 to July-December 2022, the percentage of overdose deaths with evidence of injection decreased 29.1%, from 22.7% to 16.1%, whereas the percentage with evidence of smoking increased 73.7%, from 13.3% to 23.1%. The number of deaths with evidence of smoking increased 109.1%, from 2,794 to 5,843, and by 2022, smoking was the most commonly documented route of use in overdose deaths. Trends were similar in all U.S. regions. Among deaths with only IMFs detected, the percentage with evidence of injection decreased 41.6%, from 20.9% during January-June 2020 to 12.2% during July-December 2022, whereas the percentage with evidence of smoking increased 78.9%, from 10.9% to 19.5%. Similar trends were observed among deaths with both IMFs and stimulants detected. Strengthening public health and harm reduction services to address overdose risk related to diverse routes of drug use, including smoking and other noninjection routes, might reduce drug overdose deaths.
初步报告显示，2022 年美国有超过 10.9 万人死于药物过量；其中近 70%涉及除美沙酮以外的合成阿片类药物，主要是非法制造的芬太尼和芬太尼类似物（IMFs）。来自美国西部的数据表明，用药方式从注射海洛因转向吸食 IMFs。CDC 分析了来自州意外药物过量报告系统的数据，以描述 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间，27 个州和哥伦比亚特区药物过量死亡者中药物使用途径的趋势，按区域和检测到的药物进行分类。从 2020 年 1 月至 6 月到 2022 年 7 月至 12 月，有注射证据的过量死亡百分比下降了 29.1%，从 22.7%降至 16.1%，而有吸烟证据的百分比增加了 73.7%，从 13.3%增加到 23.1%。有吸烟证据的死亡人数增加了 109.1%，从 2794 人增加到 5843 人，到 2022 年，吸烟是过量死亡者中最常见的用药途径。所有美国地区都存在类似的趋势。在仅检测到 IMFs 的死亡中，有注射证据的百分比下降了 41.6%，从 2020 年 1 月至 6 月的 20.9%降至 2022 年 7 月至 12 月的 12.2%，而有吸烟证据的百分比增加了 78.9%，从 10.9%增加到 19.5%。在同时检测到 IMFs 和兴奋剂的死亡中也观察到了类似的趋势。加强公共卫生和减少伤害服务，以解决与多种用药途径（包括吸烟和其他非注射途径）相关的用药过量风险，可能会降低药物过量死亡人数。
