Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2024 Aug;47(1):1-20. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-081423-093942. Epub 2024 Jul 1.
Auditory processing in mammals begins in the peripheral inner ear and extends to the auditory cortex. Sound is transduced from mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals of hair cells, which relay auditory information via the primary auditory neurons to cochlear nuclei. Information is subsequently processed in the superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, and inferior colliculus and projects to the auditory cortex via the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. Recent advances have provided valuable insights into the development and functioning of auditory structures, complementing our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying auditory processing. This comprehensive review explores the genetic mechanisms required for auditory system development from the peripheral cochlea to the auditory cortex. We highlight transcription factors and other genes with key recurring and interacting roles in guiding auditory system development and organization. Understanding these gene regulatory networks holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies for hearing disorders, benefiting millions globally.
哺乳动物的听觉处理始于外周内耳，并延伸至听觉皮层。声音由机械刺激转化为毛细胞的电化学信号，这些信号通过初级听觉神经元传递听觉信息到耳蜗核。信息随后在橄榄上核复合体、外侧丘系和下丘脑中进行处理，并通过丘脑中的内侧膝状体投射到听觉皮层。最近的进展为听觉结构的发育和功能提供了有价值的见解，补充了我们对听觉处理背后的生理机制的理解。本综述探讨了从外周耳蜗到听觉皮层的听觉系统发育所需的遗传机制。我们强调了转录因子和其他具有关键重复和相互作用作用的基因，它们在指导听觉系统发育和组织中起着关键作用。理解这些基因调控网络有望为全球数百万人开发治疗听力障碍的新疗法提供帮助。
