Yamoah Ebenezer N, Pavlinkova Gabriela, Fritzsch Bernd
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic.
Brain Sci. 2023 Aug 11;13(8):1190. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13081190.
The development of the central auditory system, including the auditory cortex and other areas involved in processing sound, is shaped by genetic and environmental factors, enabling infants to learn how to speak. Before explaining hearing in humans, a short overview of auditory dysfunction is provided. Environmental factors such as exposure to sound and language can impact the development and function of the auditory system sound processing, including discerning in speech perception, singing, and language processing. Infants can hear before birth, and sound exposure sculpts their developing auditory system structure and functions. Exposing infants to singing and speaking can support their auditory and language development. In aging humans, the hippocampus and auditory nuclear centers are affected by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, resulting in memory and auditory processing difficulties. As the disease progresses, overt auditory nuclear center damage occurs, leading to problems in processing auditory information. In conclusion, combined memory and auditory processing difficulties significantly impact people's ability to communicate and engage with their societal essence.
包括听觉皮层和其他参与声音处理的区域在内的中枢听觉系统的发育，受到遗传和环境因素的影响，使婴儿能够学习说话。在解释人类的听力之前，先对听觉功能障碍进行简要概述。诸如接触声音和语言等环境因素会影响听觉系统声音处理的发育和功能，包括在语音感知、唱歌和语言处理方面的辨别能力。婴儿在出生前就能听到声音，声音暴露会塑造他们正在发育的听觉系统结构和功能。让婴儿接触唱歌和说话有助于他们的听觉和语言发育。在老年人群中，海马体和听觉核中心会受到阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的影响，导致记忆和听觉处理困难。随着疾病的进展，会出现明显的听觉核中心损伤，导致听觉信息处理出现问题。总之，记忆和听觉处理困难共同对人们的沟通能力以及融入社会的能力产生重大影响。
