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线粒体基因组重组位点的小 RNA 被纳入线粒体核糖体。

Small RNAs from mitochondrial genome recombination sites are incorporated into mitoribosomes.

机构信息

Molecular Genetics, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Biodiversity and Evolution, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

出版信息

Elife. 2024 Feb 16;13:e95407. doi: 10.7554/eLife.95407.

Abstract

The mitochondrial genomes of apicomplexans comprise merely three protein-coding genes, alongside a set of thirty to forty genes encoding small RNAs (sRNAs), many of which exhibit homologies to rRNA from . The expression status and integration of these short RNAs into ribosomes remains unclear and direct evidence for active ribosomes within apicomplexan mitochondria is still lacking. In this study, we conducted small RNA sequencing on the apicomplexan to investigate the occurrence and function of mitochondrial sRNAs. To enhance the analysis of sRNA sequencing outcomes, we also re-sequenced the mitochondrial genome using an improved organelle enrichment protocol and Nanopore sequencing. It has been established previously that the genome comprises 21 sequence blocks that undergo recombination among themselves but that their order is not entirely random. The enhanced coverage of the mitochondrial genome allowed us to characterize block combinations at increased resolution. Employing this refined genome for sRNA mapping, we find that many small RNAs originated from the junction sites between protein-coding blocks and rRNA sequence blocks. Surprisingly, such block border sRNAs were incorporated into polysomes together with canonical rRNA fragments and mRNAs. In conclusion, apicomplexan ribosomes are active within polysomes and are indeed assembled through the integration of sRNAs, including previously undetected sRNAs with merged mRNA-rRNA sequences. Our findings lead to the hypothesis that block-based genome organization enables the dual utilization of mitochondrial sequences as both messenger RNAs and ribosomal RNAs, potentially establishing a link between the regulation of rRNA and mRNA expression.

摘要

顶复门生物的线粒体基因组仅包含三个编码蛋白质的基因,以及一组 30 到 40 个编码小 RNA(sRNA)的基因,其中许多与. 的 rRNA 具有同源性。这些短 RNA 在核糖体中的表达状态和整合情况尚不清楚,并且顶复门线粒体中活跃核糖体的直接证据仍然缺乏。在这项研究中,我们对顶复门生物 进行了小 RNA 测序,以研究线粒体 sRNA 的发生和功能。为了增强对 sRNA 测序结果的分析,我们还使用改进的细胞器富集方案和纳米孔测序重新对 线粒体基因组进行了测序。先前已经确定 基因组由 21 个序列块组成,这些序列块在彼此之间发生重组,但它们的顺序并非完全随机。线粒体基因组的增强覆盖度使我们能够以更高的分辨率对块组合进行特征描述。利用这个经过改进的基因组进行 sRNA 映射,我们发现许多小 RNA 源自编码块和 rRNA 序列块之间的连接位点。令人惊讶的是,这些块边界 sRNA 与经典的 rRNA 片段和 mRNA 一起被整合到多核糖体中。总之,顶复门生物的核糖体在多核糖体中是活跃的,并且实际上是通过 sRNA 的整合组装而成的,包括以前未检测到的与 mRNA-rRNA 序列融合的 sRNA。我们的发现导致了一个假设,即基于块的基因组组织使线粒体序列能够同时作为信使 RNA 和核糖体 RNA 被双重利用,这可能在 rRNA 和 mRNA 表达的调控之间建立了联系。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fba7/10948144/7e67f7cbe905/elife-95407-fig1.jpg

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