Heller M A
Perception. 1985;14(5):563-70. doi: 10.1068/p140563.
In three experiments observers made visual matches to tangible embossed patterns. Stained glass was used to blur vision and thus allow the effect of visual guidance of tactual exploration on the accuracy of symbol recognition to be evaluated. Stained glass rendered the embossed code invisible, but allowed sight of the hand. In the first experiment subjects identified patterns made up of dots and dashes drawn from Morse code; in the second and third experiments they studied braille. The results show that subjects are more accurate in 'reading' tangible codes when provided with visual guidance. Performance was higher for braille than for Morse code. Vision aided touch through the provision of a frame of reference and through sight of scanning movements. Naive sighted observers were able to identify invisible braille dots by watching other individuals touch the symbols, suggesting the importance of vision of kinesthetic patterns.
在三项实验中，观察者对有形的浮雕图案进行视觉匹配。使用彩色玻璃模糊视觉，从而评估触觉探索的视觉引导对符号识别准确性的影响。彩色玻璃使浮雕代码不可见，但能看到手。在第一个实验中，受试者识别由摩尔斯电码中的点和划组成的图案；在第二个和第三个实验中，他们学习盲文。结果表明，当有视觉引导时，受试者在“阅读”有形代码时更准确。盲文的表现优于摩尔斯电码。视觉通过提供参照系和看到扫描动作来辅助触觉。没有视力的观察者能够通过观察其他人触摸符号来识别不可见的盲文点，这表明动觉模式视觉的重要性。
