Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Feb 17;24(1):507. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-17987-z.
BACKGROUND: A fundamental ethical issue in African genomics research is how socio-cultural factors impact perspectives, acceptance, and utility of genomic information, especially in stigmatizing conditions like orofacial clefts (OFCs). Previous research has shown that gatekeepers (e.g., religious, political, family or community leaders) wield considerable influence on the decision-making capabilities of their members, including health issues. Thus, their perspectives can inform the design of engagement strategies and increase exposure to the benefits of genomics testing/research. This is especially important for Africans underrepresented in genomic research. Our study aims to investigate the perspectives of gatekeepers concerning genomic risk information (GRI) in the presence of OFCs in a sub-Saharan African cohort. METHODS: Twenty-five focus group discussions (FGDs) consisting of 214 gatekeepers (religious, community, ethnic leaders, and traditional birth attendants) in Lagos, Nigeria, explored the opinions of participants on genomic risk information (GRI), OFC experience, and the possibility of involvement in collaborative decision-making in Lagos, Nigeria. Transcripts generated from audio recordings were coded and analyzed in NVivo using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes-knowledge, beliefs, and willingness to act-emerged from exploring the perspective of gatekeepers about GRI in this group. We observed mixed opinions regarding the acceptance of GRI. Many participants believed their role is to guide and support members when they receive results; this is based on the level of trust their members have in them. However, participants felt they would need to be trained by medical experts to do this. Also, religious and cultural beliefs were crucial to determining participants' understanding of OFCs and the acceptance and utilization of GRI. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating cultural sensitivity into public engagement could help develop appropriate strategies to manage conflicting ideologies surrounding genomic information in African communities. This will allow for more widespread access to the advances in genomics research in underrepresented populations. We also recommend a synergistic relationship between community health specialists/scientists, and community leaders, including spiritual providers to better understand and utilize GRI.
背景:在非洲基因组学研究中,一个基本的伦理问题是社会文化因素如何影响人们对基因组信息的看法、接受程度和实用性,特别是在诸如口腔颌面裂(OFCs)等具有污名化的情况下。先前的研究表明,把关人(例如宗教、政治、家庭或社区领袖)对其成员的决策能力具有相当大的影响力,包括健康问题。因此,他们的观点可以为参与策略的设计提供信息,并增加对基因组检测/研究益处的了解。对于在基因组研究中代表性不足的非洲人来说,这一点尤为重要。我们的研究旨在调查在撒哈拉以南非洲队列中存在口腔颌面裂的情况下,把关人对基因组风险信息(GRI)的看法。
方法:在尼日利亚拉各斯进行的 25 次焦点小组讨论(FGD)包括 214 名把关人(宗教、社区、族裔领袖和传统助产士),探讨了参与者对基因组风险信息(GRI)、口腔颌面裂经验以及参与尼日利亚拉各斯合作决策的可能性的看法。从音频记录生成的文字记录在 NVivo 中使用主题分析进行编码和分析。
结果:通过探讨该群体把关人对 GRI 的看法,出现了三个主要主题——知识、信仰和行动意愿。我们观察到对于接受 GRI 的意见不一。许多参与者认为他们的角色是在成员收到结果时为他们提供指导和支持;这是基于成员对他们的信任程度。然而,参与者认为他们需要接受医学专家的培训才能这样做。此外,宗教和文化信仰对于确定参与者对口腔颌面裂的理解以及对 GRI 的接受和利用至关重要。
结论:将文化敏感性纳入公众参与中,可以帮助制定适当的策略,以管理围绕非洲社区基因组信息的冲突观念。这将使代表性不足的人群更广泛地获得基因组研究的进展。我们还建议社区卫生专家/科学家与社区领袖(包括精神提供者)建立协同关系,以更好地理解和利用 GRI。
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