Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, Bydgoszcz 85-084, Poland.
Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice 32-083, Poland.
Poult Sci. 2024 Apr;103(4):103512. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103512. Epub 2024 Feb 1.
Probiotics and phytobiotics have demonstrated effective improvement of gut health in broiler chickens when individually administered in-ovo. However, their combined use in-ovo, has not been studied to date. We coined the term "prophybiotic" (probiotic + phytobiotic) for such a combination. The current study therefore, aimed to elucidate the effects of combined use of a selected probiotic and a phytobiotic in-ovo, on broiler gut health and production parameters, as opposed to use of probiotics alone. ROSS 308 hatching eggs were injected with either Leuconostoc mesenteroides (probiotic: PB) or L. mesenteroides with garlic aqueous extract (prophyiotic: PPB) on the 12th day of incubation. Relative abundances of bacteria in feces and cecal content (qPCR), immune related gene expression in cecal mucosa (qPCR) and histomorphology of cecal tissue (PAS staining) were analyzed along with production parameters (hatch quality, body weight, feed efficiency and slaughter and meat quality). PPB treatment increased the abundance of faecalibacteria and bifidobacteria in feces (d 7) and Akkermansia sp. in cecal content. Moreover, it decreased Escherichia coli abundance in both feces (d 34) and cecal content. PB treatment only increased the faecalibacteria in feces (d 7) and Akkermansia sp. in the cecal content. Moreover, PPB treatment resulted in up-regulation of immune related genes (Avian beta defensing 1, Free fatty acid receptor 2 and Mucin 6) and increased the crypt depth in ceca whereas PB treatment demonstrated a higher crypt depth and a tendency to increase Mucin 6 gene expression. Both treatments did not impair the production parameters studied. In conclusion, our results suggest that in-ovo PPB treatment may have enhanced potential in boosting the immune system without compromising broiler production and efficiency, as compared to the use of probiotic alone. Our study, highlights the potential of carefully selected PPB combinations for better results in improving gut health of broiler chickens.
益生菌和植物源生物被证明在单独进行卵内注射时可以有效改善肉鸡的肠道健康。然而，迄今为止，尚未研究它们在卵内联合使用的情况。因此，我们为这种组合创造了一个术语，称为“合生菌”（益生菌+植物源生物）。本研究旨在阐明与单独使用益生菌相比，在卵内联合使用选定的益生菌和植物源生物对肉鸡肠道健康和生产参数的影响。ROSS 308 种蛋在孵化的第 12 天接受肠膜明串珠菌（益生菌：PB）或肠膜明串珠菌与大蒜水提物（合生菌：PPB）的注射。通过 qPCR 分析粪便和盲肠内容物中的细菌相对丰度、盲肠黏膜中的免疫相关基因表达（qPCR）和盲肠组织的组织形态学（PAS 染色），并结合生产参数（孵化质量、体重、饲料效率和屠宰及肉质）进行分析。PPB 处理增加了粪便中厚壁菌和双歧杆菌的丰度（d7）和盲肠内容物中的阿克曼氏菌属。此外，它降低了粪便（d34）和盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌的丰度。PB 处理仅增加了粪便中的厚壁菌和盲肠内容物中的阿克曼氏菌属。此外，PPB 处理导致免疫相关基因（禽类β防御素 1、游离脂肪酸受体 2 和粘蛋白 6）的上调，并增加了盲肠中的隐窝深度，而 PB 处理则表现出更高的隐窝深度和增加粘蛋白 6 基因表达的趋势。两种处理均未损害所研究的生产参数。总之，我们的结果表明，与单独使用益生菌相比，卵内 PPB 处理可能具有增强免疫系统的潜力，而不会损害肉鸡的生产和效率。我们的研究强调了精心选择的 PPB 组合在改善肉鸡肠道健康方面的潜力。
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