Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Apr 1;346:123543. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123543. Epub 2024 Feb 15.
The study focused on detecting and characterizing microplastics in outdoor and indoor air in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India during post-monsoon (2022) and winter (2023). Stereo microscopic analysis showed that plastic fibres had a dominant presence, fragments were less abundant, whereas fewer films could be detected in indoor and outdoor air. The atmospheric deposition of microplastics outdoors observed 465 ± 27 particles/m/day in PM and 12104 ± 665 and 13833 ± 1152 particles/m/day in PM in quartz and PTFE, respectively during the post-monsoon months. During winter, microplastic deposition rates in PM samples were found to be 689 ± 52 particles/m/day and 19789 ± 2957 and 30087 ± 13402 in quartz and PTFE particles/m/day respectively in PM. The mean deposition rate in indoor environment during post-monsoon was 8.3 × 10 and 1.03 × 10 particles/m/day in winter. During the post-monsoon period in PM, there were fibres from 7.7 to 40 μm and fragments from 2.3 μm to 8.6 μm. Indoor atmospheric microplastics, fibres ranged from 1.2 to 47 μm and fragments from 0.9 to 16 μm present respectively during the post-monsoon season. Fibres and fragment sizes witnessed during winter were 3.6-6.9 μm and 2.3-34 μm, respectively. Indoor air films measured in the range of 4.1-9.6 μm. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that outdoor air contained polyethylene, polypropylene, Polystyrene, whereas indoor air had polyvinyl chloride. Polyethylene mainly was present in outdoor air, with lesser polypropylene and polystyrene than indoors, where polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene were in dominant proportions. Elemental mapping of outdoor and indoor air samples showed the presence of elements on the microplastics. The HYSPLIT models suggest that the particles predominantly were coming from North-West during the post-monsoon season. Principal component analysis indicated wind speed and direction influencing the abundance of microplastics. Microplastics concentration showed strong seasonal influence and potential to act as reservoir of contaminants.
该研究集中于在印度恰尔康得邦的兰契市，在后季风（2022 年）和冬季（2023 年）期间检测和描述户外和户内空气中的微塑料。立体显微镜分析表明，塑料纤维占据主导地位，碎片较少，而在户内和户外空气中检测到的薄膜较少。在后季风月份，室外大气中微塑料的沉积量为 PM 中 465 ± 27 个/米/天，石英和 PTFE 中分别为 12104 ± 665 个和 13833 ± 1152 个/米/天。在冬季，发现 PM 样品中的微塑料沉积率为 689 ± 52 个/米/天，石英和 PTFE 颗粒/米/天分别为 19789 ± 2957 个和 30087 ± 13402 个。在后季风期间，室内环境的平均沉积率为 8.3×10 和 1.03×10 个/米/天。在后季风期间，PM 中的纤维尺寸为 7.7 至 40 微米，碎片尺寸为 2.3 至 8.6 微米。在后季风季节，室内大气微塑料中，纤维尺寸分别为 1.2 至 47 微米，碎片尺寸分别为 0.9 至 16 微米。冬季，纤维和碎片尺寸分别为 3.6-6.9 微米和 2.3-34 微米。室内空气薄膜的测量范围为 4.1-9.6 微米。傅里叶变换红外分析表明，户外空气中含有聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯，而室内空气中含有聚氯乙烯。聚乙烯主要存在于户外空气中，其含量比室内空气中的要少，而室内空气中聚氯乙烯和聚乙烯的含量占主导地位。户外和户内空气样本的元素映射显示微塑料上存在元素。HYSPLIT 模型表明，颗粒主要来自西北方向。主成分分析表明风速和风向影响微塑料的丰度。微塑料浓度显示出强烈的季节性影响，并有可能成为污染物的储存库。
