Zou Hui, Song Jie, Luo Xianzu, Ali Waseem, Li Sifan, Xiong Ling, Chen Yan, Yuan Yan, Ma Yonggang, Tong Xishuai, Liu Zongping
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jan;104(1):104490. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104490. Epub 2024 Nov 12.
Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) and Cadmium (Cd) are widely occurring water pollutants that interact with each other to exert toxic effects. As a waterfowl, Muscovy duck is more susceptible to PVC-MPs and Cd than land poultry. In this study, Muscovy duck was used as a research model, and 10 mg/L PVC-MPs and 50 mg/kg Cd were used alone and in combine to explore the effect on the kidney of Muscovy duck. We found that treatment of Cd or PVC-MPs alone changed the kidney weight, increased creatinine and urea nitrogen content, and disrupted oxidative balance and macro/trace element metabolism, while the combination of PVC-MPs+Cd reduced the accumulation of Cd in the kidney. In addition, treatment of Cd and PVC-MPs alone caused mitochondrial damage, increase or decrease of mitochondria-associated proteins (Fis1, Drp1, PGC-1α, Nrf1), and Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a key role in detoxification and alleviation of oxidative stress, and we found that PVC-MPs+Cd treatment recovered related proteins (Nrf2, Keap-1, HO-1, NQO1, AC-SOD, SOD) compared with the Cd and PVC-MPs alone treatment. Finally, we detected changes in apoptosis-related proteins and genes (Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, Cytc) and TUNEL staining, and after PVC-MPs+Cd treatment, apoptosis-related proteins/genes recovered and the apoptosis rate decreased compared with the Cd and PVC-MPs alone treatment. These results indicate that renal function is impaired, oxidative stress and trace element metabolism disorder, nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is activated into the nucleus to induce the expression of related antioxidant proteins (such as HO-1, NQO1). These injuries can induce mitochondrial damage and eventually lead to renal cell apoptosis. To sum up, these evidence show that Cd or PVC-MPs can induce kidney oxidative damage, trace element metabolism disorder, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis.
聚氯乙烯微塑料（PVC-MPs）和镉（Cd）是广泛存在的水污染物，它们相互作用会产生毒性效应。作为水禽，番鸭比陆禽更容易受到PVC-MPs和Cd的影响。在本研究中，以番鸭作为研究模型，单独及联合使用10 mg/L的PVC-MPs和50 mg/kg的Cd，以探讨其对番鸭肾脏的影响。我们发现，单独使用Cd或PVC-MPs处理会改变肾脏重量，增加肌酐和尿素氮含量，破坏氧化平衡和大量/微量元素代谢，而PVC-MPs+Cd联合处理则降低了肾脏中Cd的积累。此外，单独使用Cd和PVC-MPs处理会导致线粒体损伤，线粒体相关蛋白（Fis1、Drp1、PGC-1α、Nrf1）增加或减少，而核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）信号通路在解毒和减轻氧化应激中起关键作用，并且我们发现与单独使用Cd和PVC-MPs处理相比，PVC-MPs+Cd处理使相关蛋白（Nrf2、Keap-1、HO-1、NQO1、AC-SOD、SOD）恢复。最后，我们检测了凋亡相关蛋白和基因（Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bax、Bcl-2、Cytc）的变化以及TUNEL染色，与单独使用Cd和PVC-MPs处理相比，PVC-MPs+Cd处理后凋亡相关蛋白/基因恢复，凋亡率降低。这些结果表明，肾功能受损、氧化应激和微量元素代谢紊乱，核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）被激活进入细胞核以诱导相关抗氧化蛋白（如HO-1、NQO1）的表达。这些损伤可诱导线粒体损伤并最终导致肾细胞凋亡。综上所述，这些证据表明Cd或PVC-MPs可诱导肾脏氧化损伤、微量元素代谢紊乱、线粒体损伤和凋亡。
