Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Sep;61(9):7151-7167. doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-04009-7. Epub 2024 Feb 17.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment and a progressive decline in cognitive function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as an important contributor to the development of AD, leading to oxidative stress and energy deficits within the brain. While current treatments for AD aim to alleviate symptoms, there is an urgent need to target the underlying mechanisms. The emerging field of mitotherapy, which involves the transplantation of healthy mitochondria into damaged cells, has gained substantial attention and has shown promising results. However, research in the context of AD remains limited, necessitating further investigations. In this review, we summarize the mitochondrial pathways that contribute to the progression of AD. Additionally, we discuss mitochondrial transfer among brain cells and mitotherapy, with a focus on different administration routes, various sources of mitochondria, and potential modifications to enhance transplantation efficacy. Finally, we review the limited available evidence regarding the immune system's response to mitochondrial transplantation in damaged brain regions.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种破坏性的神经退行性疾病，其特征是记忆障碍和认知功能的进行性下降。线粒体功能障碍已被确定为 AD 发展的重要因素，导致大脑内氧化应激和能量不足。虽然目前 AD 的治疗方法旨在缓解症状，但迫切需要针对潜在机制。新兴的线粒体治疗领域涉及将健康的线粒体移植到受损细胞中，已引起广泛关注并显示出有希望的结果。然而，AD 相关研究仍然有限，需要进一步的研究。在这篇综述中，我们总结了导致 AD 进展的线粒体途径。此外，我们还讨论了脑细胞之间的线粒体转移和线粒体治疗，重点介绍了不同的给药途径、线粒体的不同来源以及可能的修饰以提高移植效果。最后，我们回顾了关于受损大脑区域中免疫系统对线粒体移植反应的有限可用证据。
