Genomic analysis of reveals the genetic features for potential pathogenicity and adaptive evolution in drinking water.

, the most critical clinical pathogen of the genus , has been identified as a causative agent of numerous harmful infections. Additionally, demonstrates adaptability to extreme environmental conditions, such as those found in drinking water. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis to investigate the genomic characteristics related to potential pathogenicity and adaptive evolution in drinking water environments of . Through phylogenetic analysis and population genetic analysis, we divided into five Groups, two of which were associated with drinking water environments. The open pan-genome with a large and flexible gene repertoire indicated a high genetic plasticity. Significant differences in functional enrichment were observed between the core- and pan-genome of different groups. Diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs), extensive genomic rearrangements, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events played a crucial role in generating genetic diversity. In drinking water environments, exhibited strong adaptability, and the acquisition of specific adaptive genes was potentially facilitated by genomic islands (GIs) and HGT. Furthermore, environmental pressures drove the adaptive evolution of , leading to the accumulation of unique mutations in key genes. These mutations may have a significant impact on various physiological functions, particularly carbon metabolism and energy metabolism. The presence of virulence-related elements associated with macromolecular secretion systems, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance indicated the potential pathogenicity of , making it capable of causing multiple nosocomial infections. This study provides comprehensive insights into the potential pathogenicity and adaptive evolution of in drinking water environments from a genomic perspective.