AlFaleh Faleh A, Ismael Shameeran Salman, Aguilar-Marcelino Liliana, Silva Fernando Edgar Martínez, Ashraf Tayyaba, Abbas Rao Zahid, Qamar Warda
Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.
J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2023 Dec 31;10(4):704-719. doi: 10.5455/javar.2023.j726. eCollection 2023 Dec.
is a primary cause of waterborne epidemics, despite being previously considered only an opportunistic pathogen. The disease is associated with significant economic losses in humans and animals that are brought on by diarrhea, which frequently causes dehydration. Contact with diseased people or animals, as well as polluted water, is the major cause of infection. Different drugs are used to control the parasites. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), which is an anti-protozoan and anti-viral drug, can be used to control helminths, viruses, and protozoan parasites as a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has been approved by the food and drug authority (FDA). However, the problem is the development of resistance over a period of time in these parasites. Nanoparticles have received significant attention as possible anti-parasitic agents in recent years. By directing medications to specific cellular locations, targeted drug delivery minimizes the side effects of medications. Nanoparticles have demonstrated effectiveness against different species. Nanoparticles loaded with NTZ are found to be an effective remedy for in young ones and decrease the oocyst count shed in the stools. Additionally, silver nanoparticles have proven to be effective against by releasing silver ions that breach the cell wall of the oocyst, causing the escape of intracellular contents and the destruction of sporozoites within the oocyst. Implementing tiny particles for the purification of consuming water from is an economical and environmentally sustainable process. However, the use of nanoparticles in medicine requires more research.
尽管以前仅被视为机会性病原体，但它是水源性流行病的主要原因。该疾病与人和动物因腹泻导致的重大经济损失相关，腹泻经常引起脱水。与患病的人或动物以及受污染的水接触是感染的主要原因。使用不同的药物来控制寄生虫。硝唑尼特（NTZ）是一种抗原生动物和抗病毒药物，作为一种广谱抗生素可用于控制蠕虫、病毒和原生动物寄生虫，并且已获得食品药品管理局（FDA）的批准。然而，问题在于这些寄生虫在一段时间后会产生抗药性。近年来，纳米颗粒作为可能的抗寄生虫剂受到了广泛关注。通过将药物导向特定的细胞位置，靶向药物递送可将药物的副作用降至最低。纳米颗粒已证明对不同物种有效。发现负载硝唑尼特的纳米颗粒对幼体是一种有效的治疗方法，并可减少粪便中排出的卵囊数量。此外，银纳米颗粒已被证明可通过释放银离子破坏卵囊的细胞壁，导致细胞内物质泄漏并破坏卵囊内的子孢子，从而有效对抗[此处原文缺失相关寄生虫名称]。采用微小颗粒从[此处原文缺失相关污染物质名称]中净化饮用水是一个经济且环境可持续的过程。然而，纳米颗粒在医学上的应用还需要更多研究。
