Khair Biek Sali, Khudur Leadin S, Rigby Laura, Singh Navneet, Askeland Matthew, Ball Andrew S
ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
School of Science, STEM Collage, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Mar;31(13):20330-20342. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32496-7. Epub 2024 Feb 19.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become a key concern to both environmental and human health due to their extreme persistence in the environment and their ability to bioaccumulate in plants, animals, and humans. In this mesocosm study, Australian PFAS-contaminated soil with a mean total concentration of 8.05 mg/kg and a mean combined PFHxS + PFOS concentration of 7.89 mg/kg was treated with an immobilisation sorbent (RemBind®) at different application rates (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5% w/w). To assess the efficacy of this immobilisation treatment, PFAS leachability, PFAS plant uptake, and ecotoxicity tests were conducted. Leachability testing was performed according to the Australian Standard Leaching Procedure (ASLP) at pH 5 and 7. A grass species (Dactylis glomerata) was used to measure plant uptake of PFAS from untreated and treated contaminated soil. In addition, the Microtox test was used to assess the associated ecotoxicity. The immobilisation treatment resulted in a significant reduction of 88.5-99.8% in the total PFAS leachability and 88.7-99.8% in the combined PFOS and PFHxS leachability at pH 5. Similarly, significant reductions (5-12-fold) were observed in the plant uptake of total PFAS and combined PFOS and PFHxS in all treated soil samples. In addition, although the Microtox test showed relatively low ecotoxicity in all the experimental samples, including the untreated soil, a significant decrease in the ecotoxicity of treated soil samples was observed. The results from this study highlight that this treatment approach has the potential to reduce both PFAS leachability and plant bioavailability with a relatively low associated ecotoxicity. This is likely to reduce the risk of the transfer of PFAS into higher trophic levels. This immobilisation treatment may, therefore, reduce the risk associated with PFAS-contaminated soils and may be an important remediation tool for managing certain PFAS-contaminated soils.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）因其在环境中具有极强的持久性，以及在植物、动物和人体中具有生物累积的能力，已成为环境和人类健康领域的一个关键问题。在这项中宇宙研究中，使用一种固定化吸附剂（RemBind®）以不同施用量（0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、3%、4%和5% w/w）处理了澳大利亚受PFAS污染的土壤，其总浓度平均为8.05毫克/千克，全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）与全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的总浓度平均为7.89毫克/千克。为评估这种固定化处理的效果，进行了PFAS的淋溶性、PFAS在植物中的吸收以及生态毒性测试。淋溶性测试按照澳大利亚标准淋溶程序（ASLP）在pH值为5和7的条件下进行。使用一种禾本科植物（鸭茅）来测定未处理和经处理的污染土壤中PFAS的植物吸收情况。此外，使用微毒性测试来评估相关的生态毒性。在pH值为5时，固定化处理使总PFAS淋溶性显著降低了88.5%至99.8%，PFOS和PFHxS的总淋溶性显著降低了88.7%至99.8%。同样，在所有经处理的土壤样品中，总PFAS以及PFOS和PFHxS在植物中的吸收量也显著降低（降低了5至12倍）。此外，尽管微毒性测试在所有实验样品（包括未处理的土壤）中显示出相对较低的生态毒性，但经处理的土壤样品的生态毒性仍有显著降低。这项研究的结果表明，这种处理方法有可能降低PFAS的淋溶性和植物生物可利用性，且相关生态毒性相对较低。这可能会降低PFAS向更高营养级转移的风险。因此，这种固定化处理可能会降低与受PFAS污染土壤相关的风险，并且可能成为治理某些受PFAS污染土壤的重要修复工具。
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