Lee Samuel Xin Tham, Amir Zachary, Moore Jonathan H, Gaynor Kaitlyn M, Luskin Matthew Scott
School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 19;15(1):1521. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45905-9.
Some animal species shift their activity towards increased nocturnality in disturbed habitats to avoid predominantly diurnal humans. This may alter diel overlap among species, a precondition to most predation and competition interactions that structure food webs. Here, using camera trap data from 10 tropical forest landscapes, we find that hyperdiverse Southeast Asian wildlife communities shift their peak activity from early mornings in intact habitats towards dawn and dusk in disturbed habitats (increased crepuscularity). Our results indicate that anthropogenic disturbances drive opposing behavioural adaptations based on rarity, size and feeding guild, with more nocturnality among the 59 rarer specialists' species, more diurnality for medium-sized generalists, and less diurnality for larger hunted species. Species turnover also played a role in underpinning community- and guild-level responses, with disturbances associated with markedly more detections of diurnal generalists and their medium-sized diurnal predators. However, overlap among predator-prey or competitor guilds does not vary with disturbance, suggesting that net species interactions may be conserved.
一些动物物种会将其活动向夜间转移，以增加在受干扰栖息地的夜间活动，从而避开主要在白天活动的人类。这可能会改变物种间的昼夜重叠，而昼夜重叠是构建食物网的大多数捕食和竞争相互作用的一个前提条件。在此，利用来自10个热带森林景观的相机陷阱数据，我们发现高度多样化的东南亚野生动物群落将其活动高峰从完整栖息地的清晨转移至受干扰栖息地的黎明和黄昏（晨昏性增加）。我们的结果表明，人为干扰基于稀有性、体型和食性类群驱动了相反的行为适应，59种较稀有的特化物种中更多转向夜行性，中型泛化物种更多转向昼行性，而体型较大的被捕食物种昼行性减少。物种更替也在支撑群落和类群水平的响应中发挥了作用，干扰与明显更多的昼行性泛化物种及其中型昼行性捕食者的记录相关。然而，捕食者 - 猎物或竞争类群之间的重叠并不随干扰而变化，这表明物种间的净相互作用可能得以保留。
