Joe Dong-Jin, Choi Man-Sik, Lee Jong-Hyeon, Kim Chan-Kook, Choi Min-Seok, Shin Hyung-Seon
Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
Environmental Human Research & Consulting (EHR&C), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Mar;31(13):20521-20533. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32508-6. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
To determine the sources and pathways of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in river sediments contaminated with metals from mining and smelting activities, metal concentrations and Pb and Zn isotope ratios were measured in river water and sediment, and potential metal contaminant samples (imported Zn concentrates, smelting wastes, soils around the smelter, mine ores, and riverside tailings). Zn and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in river water and sediment samples were 30- and 11-25-fold higher, respectively, near the smelter than upstream, while a 6-fold increase in sediment Pb concentrations was detected over the same region. Sediment samples near the smelter (Pb/Pb = 0.8638 and Pb/Pb = 2.0960) were observed to have a different Pb isotopic composition from upstream of the smelter (Pb/Pb = 0.8322 and Pb/Pb = 2.0502), with δZn values increasing from -0.01 to 0.82‰. Analysis of Pb and Zn isotopes and concentrations revealed that dust-contaminated soils were a major Pb source, and baseline sediments were found to be contaminated by regional mining tailings. For Zn in sediments, the main Zn sources were groundwater-derived Zn (δZn = 1.02 ± 0.43‰, n = 4), dust-contaminated soils (δZn = -0.18 ± 0.08‰, n = 3), and tailings-contaminated sediments (δZn = 0.01 ± 0.07‰, n = 10). Endmember mixing model results showed that dust-contaminated soils contributed 78% and 64% of sediment Pb and Zn, respectively, within 2 km of the Zn smelter, decreasing to negligible levels after 47.1 km downstream. Downstream of the smelter, groundwater-derived Zn contributed 54% of sediment Zn, whereas tailings contaminated sediments contributed 70% and 25% of Pb and Zn, respectively.
为确定受采矿和冶炼活动金属污染的河流沉积物中铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）的来源及途径，对河水、沉积物以及潜在金属污染物样本（进口锌精矿、冶炼废物、冶炼厂周边土壤、矿石和河边尾矿）中的金属浓度及铅和锌同位素比值进行了测量。冶炼厂附近河水和沉积物样本中的锌和镉（Cd）浓度分别比上游高出30倍和11 - 25倍，而同一区域沉积物中的铅浓度则增加了6倍。冶炼厂附近的沉积物样本（Pb/Pb = 0.8638和Pb/Pb = 2.0960）与冶炼厂上游的沉积物样本（Pb/Pb = 0.8322和Pb/Pb = 2.0502）相比，铅同位素组成不同，δZn值从 -0.01‰增加到0.82‰。对铅和锌同位素及浓度的分析表明，受粉尘污染的土壤是主要的铅源，且基线沉积物被区域采矿尾矿污染。对于沉积物中的锌，主要锌源为地下水来源的锌（δZn = 1.02 ± 0.43‰，n = 4）、受粉尘污染的土壤（δZn = -0.18 ± 0.08‰，n = 3）以及受尾矿污染的沉积物（δZn = 0.01 ± 0.07‰，n = 10）。端元混合模型结果显示，在锌冶炼厂2公里范围内，受粉尘污染的土壤分别贡献了沉积物中78%的铅和64%的锌，在下游47.1公里后降至可忽略不计的水平。在冶炼厂下游，地下水来源的锌贡献了沉积物中54%的锌，而受尾矿污染的沉积物分别贡献了70%的铅和25%的锌。
