Kastner Christian T
Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 6;14:1324329. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1324329. eCollection 2023.
Recently, research on mindfulness and humor has begun to spark interest, both being essential contributors to well-being. This article proposes that forms of humor that share intention and attitudinal foundations with mindfulness, constitute the foundation of a mindful-humorous perspective and mindful humor. Once intention and attitude are in alignment, shared mechanisms underlying a mindful-humorous perspective may lead to synergetic effects (e.g., reinforcing a shift in perspective and attitudinal foundations) as summarized in the proposed mindful humor filter model (MHFM). Based on this theoretical framework, the humor-enriched mindfulness-based program (HEMBP) was developed and evaluated for validity and efficacy in a randomized controlled trial as a first step to test the newly introduced model.
A total of 60 participants were randomly allocated to either the HEMBP or a wait-list control group. Participants' mindfulness, comic styles (e.g., benevolent humor, sarcasm, and cynicism), psychological well-being, life satisfaction, stress, and gelotophobia (fear of being laughed at) were assessed 1 week before and after training, and at a 1-month follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to model changes in outcome variables over time.
The HEMBP was effective in increasing mindfulness, benevolent humor, and psychological well-being, and in reducing sarcasm, cynicism, stress, and gelotophobia, compared to the control group.
Results support the validity and efficacy of the HEMBP as a promising approach for improving well-being and reducing stress. The HEMBP broadens the scope of existing mindfulness-based programs by cultivating a mindful-humorous outlook on life, facilitating mindfulness practice and insights, and fostering positive emotions and relationships with others through mindful humor. Results are also suggestive of the validity of the mindful humor filter model.
最近，关于正念和幽默的研究开始引发关注，二者都是幸福的重要促成因素。本文提出，与正念具有相同意图和态度基础的幽默形式，构成了正念幽默视角和正念幽默的基础。一旦意图和态度保持一致，正念幽默视角背后的共同机制可能会产生协同效应（例如，加强视角和态度基础的转变），如所提出的正念幽默过滤模型（MHFM）中所总结的那样。基于这一理论框架，开发了富含幽默的正念项目（HEMBP），并在一项随机对照试验中对其有效性和功效进行了评估，作为测试新引入模型的第一步。
总共60名参与者被随机分配到HEMBP组或等待列表对照组。在训练前1周、训练后以及1个月随访时，对参与者的正念、喜剧风格（如善意幽默、讽刺和愤世嫉俗）、心理健康、生活满意度、压力和恐笑症（害怕被嘲笑）进行评估。采用线性混合效应模型来模拟结果变量随时间的变化。
与对照组相比，HEMBP在提高正念、善意幽默和心理健康，以及减少讽刺、愤世嫉俗、压力和恐笑症方面有效。
结果支持HEMBP作为一种改善幸福感和减轻压力的有前景方法的有效性和功效。HEMBP通过培养对生活的正念幽默观、促进正念练习和洞察力，以及通过正念幽默培养积极情绪和与他人的关系，拓宽了现有基于正念项目的范围。结果也暗示了正念幽默过滤模型的有效性。
