Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Feb 27;83(8):843-864. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.023.
"Food Is Medicine" (FIM) represents a spectrum of food-based interventions integrated into health care for patients with specific health conditions and often social needs. Programs include medically tailored meals, groceries, and produce prescriptions, with varying levels of nutrition and culinary education. Supportive advances include expanded care pathways and payment models, e-screening for food and nutrition security, and curricular and accreditation requirements for medical nutrition education. Evidence supports positive effects of FIM on food insecurity, diet quality, glucose control, hypertension, body weight, disease self-management, self-perceived physical and mental health, and cost-effectiveness or cost savings. However, most studies to date are quasiexperimental or pre/post interventions; larger randomized trials are ongoing. New national and local programs and policies are rapidly accelerating FIM within health care. Remaining research gaps require rigorous, iterative evaluation. Successful incorporation of FIM into health care will require multiparty partnerships to assess, optimize, and scale these promising treatments to advance health and health equity.
“食物即药物”（Food Is Medicine，FIM）代表了一系列基于食物的干预措施，将其整合到针对特定健康状况和常见社会需求患者的医疗保健中。这些项目包括针对患者个人健康状况而专门设计的膳食、食品杂货和农产品处方，其中包含不同程度的营养和烹饪教育。支持性的进展包括扩大医疗途径和支付模式、食物和营养安全的电子筛查以及医疗营养教育的课程和认证要求。有证据表明，FIM 对食物不安全、饮食质量、血糖控制、高血压、体重、疾病自我管理、自我感知的身心健康以及成本效益或成本节约都有积极影响。然而，迄今为止，大多数研究都是准实验或干预前后的研究；更大规模的随机试验正在进行中。新的国家和地方计划和政策正在医疗保健领域内迅速加速 FIM 的实施。仍存在需要通过严格、迭代评估来解决的研究空白。要成功地将 FIM 纳入医疗保健，需要多方合作伙伴来评估、优化和扩大这些有前途的治疗方法，以促进健康和健康公平。
