Policy and Strategy Division, World Food Programme, Via Cesare Giulo Viola 68/70, Parco de Medici, 00148 Rome, Italy.
Public Health Nutr. 2013 Jun;16(6):989-94. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012005101. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
The present paper analyses the advances and challenges of the school feeding programme in Brazil (PNAE), as part of the Brazilian experience building up an integrated food and nutrition security national system. It explores the role of policy and regulatory frameworks in constructing quality service delivery and intersectoral integration.
Review of PNAE and federal government technical documents and studies, legislation, minutes of meetings and official documents of the National Council of Food and Nutrition Security from 2003 to 2011.
Food insecurity has decreased significantly in Brazil in the last decade, indicating that appropriate choices were made in terms of public policies and institutional arrangements, which other countries can learn from.
Brazil food and nutrition security system; school feeding; school food.
Brazil's integrated food and nutrition security policy approach promoted intersectorality in the food system, articulating actions to guarantee access to healthy food and to strengthen family farming. The quality of school meals has progressively improved; in particular, the availability of fruits and vegetables increased. However, national standards regarding menu composition have not yet been met. Regulations were an important factor, along with the policy approach linking food production, nutrition, health and education. Challenges are related to conflict of interests and to farmers' insufficient capacity to meet supply requirements and comply with technical procedures.
Local food production, school meals and nutrition education can be linked through integrated programmes and policies, improving access to healthier foods. Government leadership, strong legislation, civil society participation and intersectoral decision making are determinant.
本文分析了巴西学校供餐计划（PNAE）的进展和挑战，该计划是巴西建立综合粮食和营养安全国家体系经验的一部分。本文探讨了政策和监管框架在构建优质服务提供和部门间整合方面的作用。
审查了 2003 年至 2011 年期间 PNAE 和联邦政府技术文件和研究报告、立法、国家粮食和营养安全委员会会议记录和官方文件。
在过去十年中，巴西的粮食不安全状况显著下降，这表明在公共政策和机构安排方面做出了适当的选择，其他国家可以从中学习。
巴西粮食和营养安全体系；学校供餐；学校食品。
巴西综合粮食和营养安全政策方法促进了粮食系统的部门间合作，协调了保障获得健康食品和加强家庭农业的行动。学校膳食质量逐步提高；特别是水果和蔬菜的供应增加了。然而，菜单成分的国家标准尚未得到满足。法规是一个重要因素，加上将粮食生产、营养、健康和教育联系起来的政策方法。挑战与利益冲突以及农民满足供应需求和遵守技术程序的能力不足有关。
通过综合方案和政策，可以将地方粮食生产、学校膳食和营养教育联系起来，改善获得更健康食品的机会。政府的领导、强有力的立法、民间社会的参与和部门间的决策是决定性的。
