Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Feb 21;24(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06351-z.
A healthy nutrition in pregnancy supports maternal health and fetal development, decreasing the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Guidance by prenatal care professionals can increase women's awareness regarding the importance of nutrition in pregnancy and thereby contribute to a reduced risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the needs, wishes and preferences of pregnant women regarding the interprofessional guidance on nutrition in pregnancy.
Using a qualitative approach and a purposive maximum variation sampling strategy, 25 pregnant women were recruited to participate in six semi-structured, guideline-oriented online focus groups. In addition, two semi-structured, guideline-oriented interviews, with a midwife and an obstetrician, were conducted. The focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed using a systematic deductive-inductive approach to qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz.
Focus group participants covered diverse perspectives in terms of their age, different models of prenatal care as well as dietary forms from omnivorous to vegan. The majority of women perceived the guidance on nutrition during pregnancy as insufficient. Involved healthcare professionals, namely midwives and obstetricians, should provide more consistent information, especially to avoid uncertainties exacerbated by the internet and social media. There is a need for individual nutrition information regarding dietary supplements and the specifics of different dietary forms during pregnancy, such as a vegan diet. The majority of participants supported the integration of a free-of-charge professional nutrition counselling in prenatal care. Interviews with experts identified time pressure and the complexity of nutrition as a topic as the main obstacles in consultation settings. Both midwife and obstetrician emphasised the need for improved professional education on nutrition in pregnancy in their respective studies.
Professional guidance for pregnant women on nutrition and uncertainties going along with certain forms of diet during pregnancy could alleviate the burden and overwhelming amount of web-based information. Additionally, information adapted to the needs, wishes and preferences of pregnant women would improve prenatal care through a more personalised approach. The quality of nutrition guidance in pregnancy should be improved by the implementation of this topic in the education of involved healthcare professionals.
孕期健康营养有助于母婴健康和胎儿发育，降低不良妊娠结局的风险。产前保健专业人员的指导可以提高女性对孕期营养重要性的认识，从而降低不良妊娠结局的风险。本研究旨在评估孕妇对孕期营养的跨专业指导的需求、愿望和偏好。
采用定性方法和有针对性的最大变异抽样策略，招募了 25 名孕妇参加 6 次半结构化、以指南为导向的在线焦点小组。此外，还对一名助产士和一名产科医生进行了 2 次半结构化、以指南为导向的访谈。焦点小组和访谈均进行了录音并转录。使用 Kuckartz 的系统演绎归纳方法对转录本进行了分析。
焦点小组参与者在年龄、不同的产前护理模式以及从杂食到素食的不同饮食形式方面具有多样化的观点。大多数女性认为孕期营养指导不足。参与的医疗保健专业人员，即助产士和产科医生，应提供更一致的信息，尤其是为了避免因互联网和社交媒体而加剧的不确定性。需要提供有关膳食补充剂和不同饮食形式（如素食）在孕期的具体信息的个性化营养信息。大多数参与者支持在产前保健中纳入免费的专业营养咨询。专家访谈确定了咨询环境中的时间压力和营养的复杂性是主要障碍。助产士和产科医生都强调需要在各自的研究中提高对孕期营养的专业教育。
为孕妇提供专业的营养指导，并解决某些饮食形式在孕期带来的不确定性，可以减轻基于网络的大量信息带来的负担。此外，根据孕妇的需求、愿望和偏好提供信息，可以通过更个性化的方法来改善产前保健。通过将这一主题纳入相关医疗保健专业人员的教育，可以提高孕期营养指导的质量。
