Luchsinger-Morcelle Samuel Jesus, Gribnau Joost, Mira-Bontenbal Hegias
Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Epigenomes. 2024 Feb 1;8(1):6. doi: 10.3390/epigenomes8010006.
Compensation for the gene dosage disequilibrium between sex chromosomes in mammals is achieved in female cells by repressing one of its X chromosomes through a process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI), exemplifying the control of gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. A critical player in this mechanism is , a long, non-coding RNA upregulated from a single X chromosome during early embryonic development in female cells. Over the past few decades, many factors involved at different levels in the regulation of have been discovered. In this review, we hierarchically describe and analyze the different layers of regulation operating concurrently and intricately interacting with each other to achieve asymmetric and monoallelic upregulation of in murine female cells. We categorize these into five different classes: DNA elements, transcription factors, other regulatory proteins, long non-coding RNAs, and the chromatin and topological landscape surrounding .
在哺乳动物中，雌性细胞通过一种称为X染色体失活（XCI）的过程抑制其中一条X染色体，从而实现性染色体之间基因剂量不平衡的补偿，这是表观遗传机制对基因表达进行调控的一个例证。该机制中的一个关键参与者是 ，它是一种长链非编码RNA，在雌性细胞早期胚胎发育过程中从单条X染色体上调表达。在过去几十年里，已经发现了许多在不同水平参与 调控的因素。在这篇综述中，我们分层描述和分析了 调控的不同层面，它们同时运作并相互复杂地相互作用，以在小鼠雌性细胞中实现 的不对称和单等位基因上调。我们将这些分为五个不同类别：DNA元件、转录因子、其他调节蛋白、长链非编码RNA以及 周围的染色质和拓扑结构。
