Kuang Beibei, Ng Sik Hung, Peng Shenli, Hu Ping, Wei Yanqiu
College of International Relations, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 210039, China.
Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Jan 25;14(2):88. doi: 10.3390/bs14020088.
Previous studies on social exclusion have focused on its adverse effects, rarely exploring how social re-inclusion can aid recovery from exclusion-induced distress. The level of social re-inclusion that can help individuals recover from social exclusion, and whether the recovery effect is influenced by individual characteristics are unclear. The present experimental study extends the Cyberball paradigm, adding a re-inclusion stage to explore the recovery effects of four levels of social re-inclusion on affect; furthermore, it tests the moderating role of self-esteem in the recovery effect. A total of 154 Chinese college students participated in the experiment. Results showed that (1) recovery was effective when the level of re-inclusion was equal to (replica re-inclusion) or greater than (moderate and high over-re-inclusions) the pre-exclusion level of inclusion, but ineffective when it was below this level (token re-inclusion); (2) the re-inclusion level positively predicted recovery, and this was moderated by self-esteem-the prediction was effective for participants with middle and high self-esteem, but not for participants with low self-esteem. These results are discussed from a group process and self-psychology perspective.
以往关于社会排斥的研究主要集中在其负面影响上,很少探讨社会重新融入如何有助于从排斥引起的痛苦中恢复。能够帮助个体从社会排斥中恢复的社会重新融入程度,以及恢复效果是否受个体特征影响尚不清楚。本实验研究扩展了网络投球范式,增加了一个重新融入阶段,以探讨四个社会重新融入水平对情感的恢复效果;此外,还测试了自尊在恢复效果中的调节作用。共有154名中国大学生参与了该实验。结果表明:(1)当重新融入水平等于(复制重新融入)或高于(适度和高度过度重新融入)排斥前的融入水平时,恢复有效,但低于该水平(象征性重新融入)时则无效;(2)重新融入水平正向预测恢复,且这一关系受到自尊的调节——该预测对中高自尊的参与者有效,对低自尊的参与者则无效。本文从群体过程和自我心理学的角度对这些结果进行了讨论。