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控制瓦螨的综合虫害管理策略及其对蜂群病毒载量的影响。

Integrated Pest Management Strategies to Control Varroa Mites and Their Effect on Viral Loads in Honey Bee Colonies.

作者信息

Bubnič Jernej, Prešern Janez, Pietropaoli Marco, Cersini Antonella, Moškrič Ajda, Formato Giovanni, Manara Veronica, Smodiš Škerl Maja Ivana

机构信息

Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.

出版信息

Insects. 2024 Feb 5;15(2):115. doi: 10.3390/insects15020115.

Abstract

Honey bee viruses in combination with varroa mite are very damaging for honey bee colonies worldwide. There are no effective methods to control the viral load in honey bee colonies except regular and effective control of mites. Integrated Pest Management strategies are required to effectively control mites with veterinary medicines based on organic compounds. We evaluated the effect of two brood interruption techniques, queen caging (QC) and trapping comb (TC), followed by an oxalic acid treatment, on the mite fall, colony strength, and viral load of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV). In this paper, we report the data obtained in two experimental sites, in Slovenia and Italy, in terms of the varroacide efficacy, colony strength, and viral load. The number of adult bees after the adoption of the two techniques showed similar decreasing trends in both locations. The viral load of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus did not show any significant reduction after 25 days, reported as the number of Real-Time PCR cycles needed to detect the virus. The viral load of DWV also did not show a significant reduction after 25 days. The acaricidal efficacy of the applied protocols was high in both experimental groups and in both apiaries. Both the queen caging and trapping comb techniques, followed by an oxalic acid treatment, can be considered effective varroa treatment strategies, but further studies should be carried out to evaluate the long-term effects on viral loads to plan the Integrated Pest Management strategy with the right timing before wintering.

摘要

蜜蜂病毒与瓦螨共同作用,对全球范围内的蜂群造成极大破坏。除了定期且有效地控制螨虫外,目前尚无有效方法控制蜂群中的病毒载量。需要采用综合虫害管理策略,使用基于有机化合物的兽药来有效控制螨虫。我们评估了两种育雏中断技术,即囚王(QC)和诱捕巢脾(TC),随后进行草酸处理,对螨虫掉落、蜂群强度以及残翅病毒(DWV)和急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒(ABPV)病毒载量的影响。在本文中,我们报告了在斯洛文尼亚和意大利两个实验地点获得的关于杀螨剂功效、蜂群强度和病毒载量的数据。采用这两种技术后,两个地点成年蜜蜂的数量均呈现出相似的下降趋势。在第25天,以检测病毒所需的实时PCR循环数表示,急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒的病毒载量未出现任何显著降低。残翅病毒的病毒载量在25天后也未出现显著降低。在两个实验组和两个蜂场中,所应用方案的杀螨效果均很高。囚王和诱捕巢脾技术,随后进行草酸处理,均可被视为有效的杀螨策略,但应进一步开展研究,以评估其对病毒载量的长期影响,从而在越冬前的合适时机制定综合虫害管理策略。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c6cc/10889759/deff4c46d6e0/insects-15-00115-g001.jpg

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