Celikkol Elif, Dogac Ersin
Institue of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Türkiye.
Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Türkiye.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2025 Jan 28;94(2):32. doi: 10.1007/s10493-025-01002-0.
The Varroa destructor (hereafter referred to as Varroa) is a major pest of honeybees that is generally controlled using pyrethroid-based acaricides. However, resistance to these insecticides has become a growing problem, driven by the acquisition of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the mite's voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene. Resistance mutations in the vgsc gene, such as the L925V mutation, can confer resistance to pyrethroids like flumethrin and tau-fluvalinate. Monitoring genotypic resistance through molecular mutation screening is crucial for tracking and mitigating resistance spread. In this study, the frequency of resistance mutations in the vgsc was examined using a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach in Varroa populations sampled throughout the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black Sea regions of Türkiye. Considering all the samples analyzed, the results demonstrated a mean resistance allele frequency of 83.29%, indicating a relatively high frequency of resistant alleles. We observed 94.58%, 85.71%, and 69.58% resistant allele frequencies in populations sampled from the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black Sea regions, respectively, in our study. The results of our investigation demonstrated substantial regional variations in the frequencies of resistant alleles among Varroa populations throughout Türkiye, with notably elevated resistance levels observed in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions. Due to the significant resistance mutation frequency differences between both provinces and regions, long-term monitoring of resistance alleles and the planning of regional control strategies are required for effective control of this pest.
狄斯瓦螨（以下简称瓦螨）是蜜蜂的主要害虫，通常使用拟除虫菊酯类杀螨剂进行防治。然而，由于螨类电压门控钠通道（vgsc）基因中获得击倒抗性（kdr）突变，对这些杀虫剂的抗性已成为一个日益严重的问题。vgsc基因中的抗性突变，如L925V突变，可使螨类对氟氯苯菊酯和氟胺氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯产生抗性。通过分子突变筛查监测基因型抗性对于追踪和减轻抗性传播至关重要。在本研究中，采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法，对从土耳其地中海、爱琴海和黑海地区采集的瓦螨种群中vgsc抗性突变的频率进行了检测。考虑到所有分析的样本，结果显示平均抗性等位基因频率为83.29%，表明抗性等位基因频率相对较高。在我们的研究中，分别从地中海、爱琴海和黑海地区采集的种群中，观察到抗性等位基因频率为94.58%、85.71%和69.58%。我们的调查结果表明，土耳其各地瓦螨种群中抗性等位基因频率存在显著的区域差异，在地中海和爱琴海地区观察到的抗性水平明显升高。由于省份和地区之间抗性突变频率存在显著差异，因此需要长期监测抗性等位基因并规划区域控制策略，以有效控制这种害虫。
