School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
J Med Entomol. 2024 May 13;61(3):573-583. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjae015.
In efforts to intensify malaria control through vector control and hasten the progress towards elimination, the impact of control interventions needs to be evaluated. This requires sampling vector population using appropriate trapping methods. The aim of this article is to critically review methods of sampling malaria vectors and their reliability in estimating entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Africa. The standard methods are human landing catch (HLC), pyrethrum spray catch, and pit shelter for sampling host-seeking, indoor resting, and outdoor resting malaria vectors, respectively. However, these methods also have drawbacks such as exposure of collectors to infective mosquito bites, sampling bias, and feasibility issue. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps placed beside human-occupied bed nets have been used as an alternative to the HLC for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. Efforts have been made to evaluate the CDC light traps against HLC to generate a conversion factor in order to use them as a proxy estimator of human biting rate and entomological inoculation rates in Africa. However, a reproducible conversion factor was not found, indicating that the trapping efficiency of the CDC light traps varies between different geographical locations. Several other alternative traps have also been developed and evaluated in different settings but most of them require further standardization. Among these, human-baited double net trap/CDC light trap combination and mosquito electrocuting trap have the potential to replace the HLC for routine malaria vector surveillance. Further research is needed to optimize the alternative sampling methods and/or develop new surveillance tools based on vector behavior.
为了通过病媒控制加强疟疾控制并加快消除疟疾的进展，需要评估控制干预措施的效果。这需要使用适当的诱捕方法对病媒种群进行采样。本文旨在批判性地回顾疟疾媒介采样方法及其在估计非洲疟疾传播媒介昆虫学指标中的可靠性。标准方法分别为人诱捕（HLC）、除虫菊酯喷雾法和诱捕屋，用于采样寻找宿主的、室内栖息的和室外栖息的疟疾媒介。然而，这些方法也有一些缺点，例如采集者暴露于感染性蚊子叮咬、采样偏差和可行性问题。疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的诱虫灯放置在有人居住的蚊帐旁边，已被用作 HLC 的替代方法，用于采样寻找宿主的疟疾媒介。已经努力评估 CDC 诱虫灯与 HLC 的对比，以生成一个转换系数，以便将其用作非洲人群叮咬率和昆虫接种率的替代估计器。然而，并没有找到可重复的转换系数，这表明 CDC 诱虫灯的诱捕效率在不同的地理位置之间存在差异。还开发和评估了其他几种替代诱捕器，用于不同的环境，但大多数都需要进一步标准化。其中，有人诱捕双网/CDC 诱虫灯组合和电击诱蚊器有潜力替代 HLC 进行常规疟疾媒介监测。需要进一步研究来优化替代采样方法和/或根据媒介行为开发新的监测工具。
