Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 12;25(4):2212. doi: 10.3390/ijms25042212.
The pandemic period due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revolutionized all possible areas of global health. Significant consequences were also related to diverse extrapulmonary manifestations of this pathology. The liver was found to be a relatively common organ, beyond the respiratory tract, affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multiple studies revealed the essential role of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general outcome of coronavirus infection. Present concerns in this field are related to the direct hepatic consequences caused by COVID-19 and pre-existing liver disorders as risk factors for the severe course of the infection. Which mechanism has a key role in this phenomenon-previously existing hepatic disorder or acute liver failure due to SARS-CoV-2-is still not fully clarified. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) constitutes another not fully elucidated context of coronavirus infection. Should the toxic effects of ethanol or already developed liver cirrhosis and its consequences be perceived as a causative or triggering factor of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients? In the face of these discrepancies, we decided to summarize the role of the liver in the whole picture of coronavirus infection, paying special attention to ALD and focusing on the pathological pathways related to COVID-19, ethanol toxicity and liver cirrhosis.
由于 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行,全球健康的所有可能领域都发生了革命性变化。这一病理学的多种肺外表现也带来了重大后果。研究发现,肝脏是除呼吸道以外受严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)影响的一个相对常见的器官。多项研究表明,慢性肝病(CLD)对冠状病毒感染的总体预后有重要作用。目前人们关注的是 COVID-19 引起的直接肝脏后果以及作为感染严重病程危险因素的现有肝脏疾病。在这种现象中,哪种机制起着关键作用——是先前存在的肝脏疾病还是由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的急性肝功能衰竭——尚未完全阐明。酒精性肝病(ALD)是冠状病毒感染的另一个尚未完全阐明的情况。在 COVID-19 患者中,乙醇的毒性作用或已发展的肝硬化及其后果是否应被视为肝损伤的致病或触发因素?面对这些差异,我们决定总结肝脏在冠状病毒感染全貌中的作用,特别关注 ALD,并重点关注与 COVID-19、乙醇毒性和肝硬化相关的病理途径。
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