Królikowski Marek, Fotek Michał, Żach Piotr, Michałowski Marcin
Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 84, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Feb 8;17(4):821. doi: 10.3390/ma17040821.
Photovoltaic (PV) modules are highly efficient power generators associated with solar energy. The rapid growth of the PV industry will lead to a sharp increase in the waste generated from PV panels. However, electro-waste can be successfully used as a source of secondary materials. In this study, a unique procedure for recycling PV modules was developed. In the first stage, the aluminum frame and junction box, 18wt%. and 1wt%. of the module, respectively, were removed. The following stage was crucial, involving a mechanical-thermal method to remove the glass, which accounts for 70wt%. As a result, only 11wt%. of the initial mass of the PV was subjected to the next stage of chemical delamination, which reduced the amount of solvent used. Toluene was used to swell the ethylene vinyl acetate, EVA, and allow for the separation of the PV module. The effects of temperature and ultrasound on separation time were investigated. After the separation of silicon cells, metal ribbons, EVA, and the backsheet were obtained. The purity of the polymers was determined by FTIR and elemental analysis. Thermal properties were measured using DSC calorimetry to determine the basic parameters of the material.
光伏（PV）组件是与太阳能相关的高效发电装置。光伏产业的快速发展将导致光伏板产生的废弃物急剧增加。然而，电子废弃物可以成功用作二次材料的来源。在本研究中，开发了一种独特的光伏组件回收工艺。在第一阶段，去除铝框架和接线盒，其分别占组件的18wt%和1wt%。接下来的阶段至关重要，采用机械热法去除占70wt%的玻璃。结果，仅11wt%的光伏组件初始质量进入下一阶段的化学分层，这减少了溶剂的使用量。使用甲苯使乙烯 - 醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）溶胀，从而实现光伏组件的分离。研究了温度和超声对分离时间的影响。分离出硅电池后，得到了金属带、EVA和背板。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和元素分析确定聚合物的纯度。使用差示扫描量热法（DSC）测量热性能以确定材料的基本参数。
