The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK.
Viruses. 2024 Feb 19;16(2):316. doi: 10.3390/v16020316.
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the primary causative agent of influenza, colloquially called the flu. Each year, it infects up to a billion people, resulting in hundreds of thousands of human deaths, and causes devastating avian outbreaks with worldwide losses worth billions of dollars. Always present is the possibility that a highly pathogenic novel subtype capable of direct human-to-human transmission will spill over into humans, causing a pandemic as devastating if not more so than the 1918 influenza pandemic. While antiviral drugs for influenza do exist, they target very few aspects of IAV replication and risk becoming obsolete due to antiviral resistance. Antivirals targeting other areas of IAV replication are needed to overcome this resistance and combat the yearly epidemics, which exact a serious toll worldwide. This review aims to summarise the key steps in the IAV replication cycle, along with highlighting areas of research that need more focus.
甲型流感病毒（IAV）是流感的主要病原体，俗称流感。每年，它会感染多达 10 亿人，导致数十万人死亡，并引发毁灭性的禽流感疫情，造成数十亿美元的全球损失。始终存在一种可能性，即一种具有直接人际传播能力的高致病性新型亚型病毒可能会溢出到人类中，造成的大流行如果不比 1918 年流感大流行更严重，也会与之相当。虽然确实存在针对流感的抗病毒药物，但它们仅针对 IAV 复制的极少数方面，并且由于抗病毒耐药性的存在，这些药物有变得过时的风险。需要针对 IAV 复制的其他方面的抗病毒药物来克服这种耐药性，并应对每年在全球造成严重影响的流行疫情。本综述旨在总结 IAV 复制周期的关键步骤，并强调需要更多关注的研究领域。
