Song Chaojun, Hu Jinwei, Liu Yutao, Tian Yi, Zhu Yupu, Xi Jiayue, Cui Minxuan, Wang Xiaolei, Zhang Bao-Zhong, Fan Li, Li Quan
School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127th Youyi West Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Airforce Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Jan 26;12(2):125. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12020125.
Vaccination-route-dependent adjuvanticity was identified as being associated with the specific features of antigen-carrying nanoparticles (NPs) in the present work. Here, we demonstrated that the mechanical properties and the decomposability of NP adjuvants play key roles in determining the antigen accessibility and thus the overall vaccine efficacy in the immune system when different vaccination routes were employed. We showed that soft nano-vaccines were associated with more efficient antigen uptake when administering subcutaneous (S.C.) vaccination, while the slow decomposition of hard nano-vaccines promoted antigen uptake when intravenous (I.V.) vaccination was employed. In comparison to the clinically used aluminum (Alum) adjuvant, the NP adjuvants were found to stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses efficiently, irrespective of the vaccination route. For vaccination via S.C. and I.V. alike, the NP-based vaccines show excellent protection for mice from () infection, and their survival rates are 100% after lethal challenge, being much superior to the clinically used Alum adjuvant.
在本研究中，疫苗接种途径依赖性佐剂效应被确定与携带抗原的纳米颗粒（NP）的特定特征有关。在此，我们证明了NP佐剂的机械性能和可分解性在采用不同接种途径时，对于决定抗原可及性以及进而决定免疫系统中的整体疫苗效力起着关键作用。我们表明，在进行皮下（S.C.）接种时，软纳米疫苗与更高效的抗原摄取相关，而在采用静脉内（I.V.）接种时，硬纳米疫苗的缓慢分解促进了抗原摄取。与临床使用的铝（明矾）佐剂相比，发现NP佐剂无论接种途径如何，均能有效刺激体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。对于皮下和静脉内接种而言，基于NP的疫苗对小鼠免受（）感染均显示出优异的保护作用，在致死性攻击后它们的存活率为100%，远优于临床使用的明矾佐剂。
