Adugna Takele, Niu Qingli, Guan Guiquan, Du Junzheng, Yang Jifei, Tian Zhancheng, Yin Hong
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology Project, Yangzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Dec 20;15:1505612. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1505612. eCollection 2024.
Vaccination remains the sole effective strategy for combating Japanese encephalitis (JE). Both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines exhibit robust immunogenicity. However, the production of these conventional vaccine modalities necessitates extensive cultivation of the pathogen, incurring substantial costs and presenting significant biosafety risks. Moreover, the administration of live pathogens poses potential hazards for individuals or animals with compromised immune systems or other health vulnerabilities. Subsequently, ongoing research endeavors are focused on the development of next-generation JE vaccines utilizing nanoparticle (NP) platforms. This systematic review seeks to aggregate the research findings pertaining to NP-based vaccine development against JE. A thorough literature search was conducted across established English-language databases for research articles on JE NP vaccine development published between 2000 and 2023. A total of twenty-eight published studies were selected for detailed analysis in this review. Of these, 16 studies (57.14%) concentrated on virus-like particles (VLPs) employing various structural proteins. Other approaches, including sub-viral particles (SVPs), biopolymers, and both synthetic and inorganic NP platforms, were utilized to a lesser extent. The results of these investigations indicated that, despite variations in the usage of adjuvants, dosages, NP types, antigenic proteins, and animal models employed across different studies, the candidate NP vaccines developed were capable of eliciting enhanced humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses, providing effective protection (70-100%) for immunized mice against lethal challenges posed by virulent Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). In conclusion, prospective next-generation JE vaccines for humans and animals may emerge from these candidate formulations following further evaluation in subsequent vaccine development phases.
接种疫苗仍然是对抗日本脑炎（JE）的唯一有效策略。灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗都具有强大的免疫原性。然而，这些传统疫苗的生产需要大量培养病原体，成本高昂且存在重大生物安全风险。此外，对于免疫系统受损或存在其他健康脆弱性的个体或动物，接种活病原体存在潜在危害。随后，正在进行的研究致力于利用纳米颗粒（NP）平台开发下一代JE疫苗。本系统综述旨在汇总有关基于NP的JE疫苗开发的研究结果。我们在多个知名英文数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，以查找2000年至2023年间发表的关于JE NP疫苗开发的研究文章。本综述共选取了28项已发表的研究进行详细分析。其中，16项研究（57.14%）集中在使用各种结构蛋白的病毒样颗粒（VLP）上。其他方法，包括亚病毒颗粒（SVP）、生物聚合物以及合成和无机NP平台，使用较少。这些研究结果表明，尽管不同研究在佐剂使用、剂量、NP类型、抗原蛋白和动物模型等方面存在差异，但所开发的候选NP疫苗能够引发增强的体液和细胞适应性免疫反应，为免疫小鼠提供针对强毒日本脑炎病毒（JEV）致死性攻击的有效保护（70 - 100%）。总之，在后续疫苗开发阶段进行进一步评估后，这些候选制剂可能会产生适用于人类和动物的下一代前瞻性JE疫苗。
