College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
College of Life, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
Vet Parasitol. 2024 Apr;327:110107. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110107. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of natural extracts from nine medicinal herbs (SMA) on the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal integrity of broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. A total of 252 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 12 broilers per cage. The groups were uninfected-untreated blank control group (BC), infected-untreated negative control group (NC), SMA treatment groups, Chinese medicine positive control group (CM), and chemical drug positive control group (CD). The SMA groups were infected and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.6 (SMA-L), 0.8 (SMA-M), and 1.0 (SMA-H) g/kg SMA. The CM and CD groups were infected and fed a basal diet supplemented with 15 g/kg Jiqiuchong San and 0.2 g/kg Diclazuril, respectively. Results showed that feeding SMA could significantly reduce the number of oocysts in infected chickens, especially 1.0 g/kg SMA, which exhibited moderate anticoccidial efficacy. When infected with E. tenella, the supplementation of 1.0 g/kg SMA increased the renal index; restored the hepatic, splenic, and bursal indexes to BC levels; increased the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgY; and reduced the contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 of the infected chickens. Moreover, treatment with 1.0 g/kg SMA alleviated the pathological changes in cecal tissue and increased the contents of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, and mucoprotein 2 (mucin-2) in cecal tissues of E. tenella-infected chickens. We found that 1.0 g/kg SMA reduced the number of oocysts, improved immunity, and alleviated intestinal barrier damage, which could improve the growth performance of infected chickens. Thus, SMA proved to be an effective natural extract against E. tenella and has the potential to be used as an efficient anticoccidial drug or additive.
本研究旨在评估九种药用植物（SMA）天然提取物对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的肉鸡生长性能、免疫和肠道完整性的影响。将 252 只 1 日龄肉鸡分为 7 组，每组 3 个重复，每个笼子 12 只鸡。组分为未感染未处理空白对照组（BC）、未感染未处理阴性对照组（NC）、SMA 处理组、中药阳性对照组（CM）和化学药物阳性对照组（CD）。SMA 组感染并喂食基础日粮，基础日粮中添加 0.6（SMA-L）、0.8（SMA-M）和 1.0（SMA-H）g/kg SMA。CM 和 CD 组感染并喂食基础日粮，基础日粮中分别添加 15 g/kg 鸡血藤三醇和 0.2 g/kg 地克珠利。结果表明，饲喂 SMA 可显著降低感染鸡的卵囊数量，尤其是 1.0 g/kg SMA 表现出中等抗球虫效果。感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫时，补充 1.0 g/kg SMA 增加了肾脏指数；将肝、脾和法氏囊指数恢复到 BC 水平；增加免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）、IgM 和 IgY 水平；降低感染鸡肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）的含量。此外，用 1.0 g/kg SMA 处理可缓解盲肠组织的病理变化，增加感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫鸡盲肠组织中闭合蛋白-1（ZO-1）、闭合蛋白、克劳丁-1 和粘蛋白 2（粘蛋白-2）的含量。我们发现，1.0 g/kg SMA 减少了卵囊数量，提高了免疫力，缓解了肠道屏障损伤，从而提高了感染鸡的生长性能。因此，SMA 被证明是一种有效的柔嫩艾美耳球虫天然提取物，具有作为高效抗球虫药物或添加剂的潜力。
