The proposed study presents an enhanced combination weighting cloud model for accurate assessment of coal and gas outburst risks. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation index system for coal and gas outburst risks is established, consisting of primary indicators such as coal rock properties and secondary indicators including 13 factors. Secondly, the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) based on the 3-scale method and the improved CRITIC based on indicator correlation weight determination method are employed to determine subjective and objective weights of evaluation indicators respectively. Additionally, the Lagrange multiplier method is introduced to fuse these weights in order to obtain optimal weights. Subsequently, a prominent danger assessment model is developed based on cloud theory. Finally, using a mine in Hebei Province as an example, the results obtained from IAHP combined with improved CRITIC weighting method are compared with those from traditional AHP method and AHP-CRITIC combination weighting method. The findings demonstrate that among all methods considered, IAHP combined with improved CRITIC exhibits superior performance in terms of distribution expectation Ex, entropy value En, and super entropy He within cloud digital features; thus indicating that the risk level of coal and gas outbursts in this particular mine can be classified as general risk. These evaluation results align well with actual observations thereby validating the effectiveness of this approach. Consequently, this constructed model enables rapid yet accurate determination of coal and gas outburst risks within mines.